Carl Rogers Theory Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Carl Rogers Theory - Essay Example Furthermore Rogers believed that if the clients turned inwards and examined themselves they would find the means to end hurting. This treats persons as inimitable, values their dreams and goals and elevates their particular feelings about the world. Rogers sees the role of the therapist primarily as an empathic listener who must enters into the client's journey of self-actualisation. Jones and Butman in Modern Psychotherapies succinctly describe the goal of the self-actualisation process. It is the ongoing process of bringing self-view, the ideal self and the real self into line with one another. DeMarinis in her book, Pastoral Care, Existential Health and Existential Epidemiology attempts to conceptualise pastoral care. In her research she noted several themes that most people accept as belonging to pastoral care. The main ones of these are care of the soul and inner life, primarily Christian, spanning the complete life cycle, under the direction of God, providing a shelter from a hard world, connects God to life, is part of the whole work of the church not only in specific sessions and is not to be confused with psychology. This essay will keep in mind these main themes as it explores the helpfulness of Roger's approach. Jones and Butman begin their exploration of Roger's theory by claiming that the emotional content of person centred therapy is intuitively appealing. They have a valid point here. Person centred counselling differs from the mainstream notion of psychotherapists as distant experts and is alluring in its humanity based ideas. It promotes a positive view of humankind and its central tenet is that humans are, at heart, good and filled with the possibility to change and achieve anything. Furthermore it concentrates on goals and dreams and endorses the need for positive regard for others. In addition Roger's theories are based on his clinical work and endless research. Rather than remaining a fixed theory he developed his ideas as they were tried out, constantly responding to criticism and results. This dedication to base his hypothesis on what actually worked enhances the appeal of the theory and lessens the distance between pure theory and practical administration. Finally, the simplicity of Roger's theory and the fact that it is accessible to everyone gives it credibility. Its founding principles are not complicated and so the majority of people can follow his train of logic and see how he came up with his conclusions. Person Centred Therapy's Contributions to Pastoral Ministry Roger's contribution to psychotherapy has traditionally been attractive to a religious audience because his formulation of a helping relationship embodies the Christian ideal of a loving servant to others. Rogers and Butman notice how it, 'appears to give us valuable clues and guidance on how to respond to those in misery or distress, or how to concretely 'love the brothers and sisters'.1 It is a guide for the pastoral worker because it treats people as inimitable, complete beings in the same way that Christianity would. The pastoral worker takes this view because she believes humans are made in God's image and must be treated with the appropriate respect. The qualities that a therapist must have to undertake this kind of help are almost identical with the qualities the Bible describes a Christian should have; grace, unconditional love, servant-like. Moreover it focuses on 'unconditional regard'

Core Ethical Values of Military Essay Example for Free

Core Ethical Values of Military Essay The paper examines some core ethical values that are followed in the military organization. These include: 1. Honesty: this means that the military men should be truthful and avoid lying as it affects their image in the society. However any lies for selfless reason is resented in the service. 2. Straightforwardness: military officers should be frank and confident as this leads to clarity and thus no confusion arises. 3. Candid: military ethics requires the military personnel to be candid and thus provide the information without being requested. If military personnel withheld certain information and stay quiet then this is regarded as dishonesty. 4. Loyalty: loyalty refers to faithfulness and devotion. Military soldiers are expected to be loyal with their profession, their country and their seniors. Loyalty doesn’t mean that they blindly obey what they are told to but it is a balance between different interests and principles and thus creating a harmony together. 5. Fairness: military personnel are expected to be fair and open and should not be biased. They should treat everyone equally and their decisions should not be arbitrary. 6. Respect: military personnel have to deal with diverse people in the society therefore they are required to treat people with respect and dignity 7. Promise Keeping: keeping promises enhance trust and cooperation therefore soldiers should commit what they can deliver so that there is no loss of commitment from their end. 8. Caring: This code requires the military men to be kind and compassionate with those whom they serve and also with the workforce. 9. Accountability: military personal should take the responsibility of their decisions and they should know that they are accountable for all the duty that they perform. Distinctive Culture of Military: The military culture is very much different from that of civilian culture. Their traditions, dresses and rituals are distinguished to a greater extent from that of civilians. Their physical and social space is separated as they are usually located in isolation. Cadets receive their training in different schools where they get their education in a unique way. Military organizations require a lot from their workers as the workers have difficult and long working hours and even their leaves are subject to cancellation Vision of Military Organization: The vision of military is to form a force that will continue to give more strategic flexibility and will strive to become strategically dominant to fully support all operations. The objective is to form a force which has war fighting capabilities and is more responsive, lethal and versatile (Evany, 2002). Training in Military Organization: The training and education in military organization is controlled by the organization itself in a very specialized manner. Specialized trainings are provided to the cadets. Military itself determines the education format for the cadets. All the contents and methodology are planned by the military. There are colleges that have been set up to train the junior officers and develop them to become future senior officers. These training programs give the juniors knowledge and skills and also a sense of responsibility towards their duties and their country. Military culture and values are provided to them from the very beginning of their training program. Military ethics are also taught to them by specialized instructors. They are taught that military is not a job but it is a way of life and they are expected to love their life in adherence with the standard code of conduct as they act as a symbol for the other civilians of the society (Robbert, 2010). Personal Values as a Manager To have a clear set of personal values is important as it helps in building up trust that facilitates leadership. Leaders that have a clear set of values are more successful as their followers would follow them blindly once they are able to understand their values. Therefore it is important that one should take time to list what is most important for them in life. Once they have listed their values, it is time for them to act upon it. My personal values that would guide me as a future manager includes: a. Trustworthiness: honesty and integrity are the most important elements for trustworthiness. If a manger is honest and loyal then the subordinates would folle the manager blindly as they know they are in the safe hands. b. Respect: as a manager it is important that all the subordinates are treated with dignity and respect. Acceptance and tolerance are the most important elements that would enable managers to respect their subordinates. c. Responsibility: as a manager it is important to realize that they are accountable for they do therefore their responsibilities and duties should be met properly as they set an example for others to follow. d. Caring: it is important that managers are caring and compassionate with their subordinates as such relations increases productivity and creates an environment that is friendly and peaceful. e. Justice and fairness: a manager should take the responsibility of all his decisions and should be biased. Justice and fairness affects the credibility of the manager therefore he should treat everyone equally. Personal Code of Ethics to Guide a Manager My personal code of ethics that would guide me a future manager includes: a. Conflict of interests. A conflict of interest arises when the private interest of a person interferes the interest of their organization. These conflicts also come when one misuses his position in the organization to favor his friends or families. I believe a manager should avoid such conflicts that stop him to work effectively for the organization. b. Corporate Opportunities: Managers should not use the opportunities that they get from the corporate properties or position without the consent of the Directors. If they do this then it is regarded as a cheating. c. Fair dealing: Managers should deal with everyone honestly and ethically. Secret information and confidential matters should be taken care of and should not take unfair advantage of people or information. Changes required in the military organization: Changes are required in every organization from time to time so that the organization can cope up with the environmental changes. Bringing about change in an organization is a great challenge for leaders as it requires effective leadership and management skills to implement change. It seems that bringing a change in military organization is quite easy because of the commanding nature of the seniors. But this is not true because even in military organization if the change is not implemented effectively, it will reduce the productivity of the soldiers. Military leaders should understand that even if they bring the change on the bases of their authority, still they need to asses the change through follow up assessments so that they know if the change is successfully implemented. The changes that I believe should be taking place in the military organization include the following: The military leaders should understand that in today’s time there is an utmost need that their management styles should change. In older time infarct even nowadays the management style in military organization is such that authority of command lies only with the seniors and they very harshly communicate those command. Such attitudes of the seniors would not be successful in today’s world. A change is required in this area so as to create an environment that increases the morale of the soldiers and helps in making them more productive and dedicated towards their duties. It is really important that leaders of the military organization are such who understands the mission of the organization and their roles completely. These leaders should not only try to achieve these missions but also take care of the welfare of the members of the organization. Usually what is seen in these organization is that leaders are so much focuses on achieving their missions that they often neglect the welfare of the members which should not happen especially in military organization because military is not just a job but it is a selfless services therefore motivation of the members is of utmost importance (Kelly, 2008). Conclusion Military leaders need complete training about the organization and also the members should understand the change management that is an important requirement for the organization. Code of conduct and ethical principles of the military organization should be communicated properly to the soldiers and such an environment should be created where these principles are followed without being imposed on the military men. Roles and responsibilities of individuals should be clearly stated so that the duties are carried out in the most appropriate manner (Kelly, 2008). Reference Evany,R. 2002, How Army Run Retrieved on 2010, July 18 from http://www. carlisle. army. mil/usawc/dclm/army. pdf Kelly, 2008, Resistance to Organizational Cultural Change in the Military– A JFO Case Study. Retrieved on 2010, July 18 from http://www. dtic. mil/cgi-bin/GetTRDoc? Location=U2doc=GetTRDoc. pdfAD=ADA479711 Portman, What is ethics? , Retrieved on 2010, July 18 from http://sun. menloschool. org/~sportman/ethics/definition. html Robbert,S. Military Ethics. Retrieved on 2010, July 18 from http://www. articlesnatch. com/Article/Military-Ethics/999532

National Identity in Julian Barnes England, England Essay -- Julian B

National Identity in Julian Barnes' England, England â€Å"The finest tax-deductible minds were brought in to address the Project’s Co-ordinating Committee. The French intellectual was a slight, neat figure in an English tweed jacket half a size too big for him; with it he wore a pale blue button-down shirt of American cotton, an Italian tie of flamboyant restraint, international charcoal wool trousers, and a pair of tasselled French loafers† (54). Julian Barnes uses his postimperial novel, England, England, to critique what England, under Tony Blair’s administration, is moving towards – a recreated Britain, an all-inclusive nation with no appreciation of its history, except that which has been distorted in order be politically correct or somehow profit the country. Through this quote, it becomes evident that Barnes sees England grasping to be defined, not by its rich past, but by other nations – possible tourists, possible residents that may add diversity and, thus, a shift towards breaking old stereotypes and becoming a modernized nation. When Sir Jack Pitman, England’s scheming tycoon, recruits the best of the best to assist him in creating his theme park of re-created English history, England, England, he calls in a Frenchman to do the job. Barnes juxtaposes this man’s nationality to the idea of the theme park: a Frenchman is assisting in the development of a project whose end entails complete Englishness. Barnes is showing the ridiculousness of Britain looking toward a new national identity but achieving it by becoming a â€Å"melting pot† of nations. Barnes is pointing out that while a nation should embrace all nationalities, it cannot simply erase its history to achieve that. Otherwise, it becomes like... ..., Britain will lose a sense of her past, just as the Frenchman only retains minimal signs of his true nationality. Barnes is using the Frenchman to help show the British that it must be decided where to draw the line. A nation must evolve and adapt but never forget or lay aside its identity as its own nation. Barnes subtly asks the British where that line will be drawn. They must not allow themselves to take things quite as far as the Frenchman. They must still retain heritage, because, after all, where would they be without it? A nation is not a nation without its own culture, its own past, its own people. A trade-off must be made in order for Britain to modernize, and England must find the middle ground. Through his book, England, England, Julian Barnes reminds the British that while searching for a new national identity, they must not become non-national.

Presumed Innocent until proven Guilty Essay

More than 20 years ago, Troy Davis, an African-American man from Georgia, was convicted of shooting and killing a police officer and was sentenced to death. Several years later, seven out of nine eyewitnesses completely revoked their stories. There was a clear lack of evidence that had proven him of his innocence, and therefore he was linked to the crime out of pure assumption. His legal team argued that he was just in the â€Å"wrong place at the wrong time† but Davis was ultimately executed based on the original jury verdict. Troy Davis maintained his innocence until his death by lethal injection in 2011. His last words to the family of the murdered officer were, â€Å"All I can ask is that you look deep into this case so you can really find the truth†. This man, Troy Davis, is one of thousands of people worldwide that have been victims of this situation, being presumed guilty until proven innocent. He was not just put into prison, being deprived of his liberty and dignity; he was sentenced to death, being deprived of his life! Recent case studies show that in the United States alone more than 4% of all convictions are wrong. From 1973-2004 there were 7482 people who were sentenced to death and of those, 117 were innocent. Each year, 10 000 innocent people are wrongly convicted in the United States. Right there and then, innocent men and women are left with no futures. This is why I believe that all men should be rather presumed innocent until proven guilty, as sentencing an innocent person to death, is an even more guilt-bearing act in my opinion. If you look around you, you are surrounded by life. It is the most valuable thing on our planet Earth. You are a representation of life yourself. Growing up and developing your life takes years, yet can be taken away from you in an instant because of something as stupid as false accusation? Who, then, is the real criminal? A man like Oscar Pistorius is a man fighting for his life in high court because he murdered his girlfriend Reeva. Although the reasons to why he pulled the trigger seem preposterous, there is no clear, 100%, factual evidence stating whether it was premeditated murder or not. At the end of the day, he murdered an innocent young girl

Pre Marital Sex

There is no longer any stigma attached to pre-marital sex in our society. Pop stars do it, sports stars do it, and politicians do it. Teens nowadays too tend to have this perception that sex before marriage is acceptable and would not even bother the consequences of it. Yet, it is still a big NO to every human as it violates this inner reality, because unmarried people thereby engage in a life-uniting act without a life-uniting intent. Some of the couples who deeply fall in love with each other are willing to do anything just to be together with their own partner without thinking twice, just like what Tom and Barbara did.The worse thing is their intention is only for sexual purposes. Frankly speaking, there are better ways to express your love for someone you’re not married to. Sex is not the only solution to show love to your spouse. Besides that, sex is not entertainment. If you’re bored go to the cinema or play a computer game or go for a run – don’t mi suse something as important as sex just for a bit of mindless fun. That would be like hiring a Rolls Royce car just to pick up some shopping – a waste, a misuse of something precious, something that is far more important if used properly.Other people’s bodies are not just toys for us to play with and then discard. They never thought of their after effects on their acts. They may get along together, but it is never guaranteed that they can be ‘happily ever after’. They will be facing problems later on like having difficulties in paying rental fees and daily expenses they still do not have the ability to earn money at this young age. On the other hand, Barbara who takes birth control pills to prevent ovulation still may have the possibility to get pregnant since there is no assurance for it.Not only that, taking birth control pills will cause excessive vaginal bleeding if over dosage, rash, breast tenderness and sexual diseases. Statistics has shown us that 40 percent of women ages 20 to 25 have HPV, which can cause cancer and which, of course, is only one of many sexually transmitted diseases. That means a lot of men and women are spreading potentially deadly diseases and not protecting themselves or others. Her mental health will most likely be affected.They should be wise and focus more on choosing behaviour that respects oneself and one's current and possibly future relationship partners, prospective children, etc. I truly believe that none of us here support premarital sex. Women and men should have a virginity pledge before they get married. True love waits. If a boy or girl truly loves you, they will want the best for you. They will not want you to suffer fear of disease, unwanted pregnancy and the psychological difficulties of premarital sex. They will want to experience love with you only in the very best place of all – the love nest of marriage.

Watching Movie or Reading Fiction Essay Example

Watching Movie or Reading Fiction Essay Example Watching Movie or Reading Fiction Essay Watching Movie or Reading Fiction Essay Which one is more enjoyable, reading a fiction or watching the movie? No one with the sound mind can deny the significance of spare time in the modem world. In lay terms, I think that watching movie is not only enjoyable but also instructive for young people. In order to address the state of affairs regarding the above issue, we need to consider the following details. It is pivotal to suggest that boredom ensues inevitably on account of reading fiction. However, it strikes a responsive chord in anyone who actually cares for the dire consequences. Moreover, it is conducive to attraction, a well-established fact. Finally, if you watch a movie, you will understand more details. It takes a certain amount of faith with a dash of armchair stipulation to assume the veracity of this argument. It may behoove us at this time to examine the argument from another angle of vision. Having considered the above aspects, we need to unravel more paths to this argument. Although watching movies and reading fictions seem to share a few traits, they appear to diverge on many fronts. Initially, in contrast to the former, the latter involves more timing. For example, a four hundred page novel takes almost three weeks, whereas a movie takes about two hours. Moreover, they harbor a controversy regarding privacy. It provides an important pillar for solitude. In a nutshell, I think that watching movies is both amazing and fascinating for many people. On a sideline, it is probably better if we refuse to put ourselves in the way of being tempted to conclude that watching movies compromises creativity.

The eNotes Blog Remember More Than Just Rabbits Understanding Of Mice andMen

Remember More Than Just Rabbits Understanding Of Mice andMen When people talk about influential pieces of American literature, there are a few titles you can just about guarantee will be thrown into the discussion, i.e.  To Kill a Mockingbird, Grapes of Wrath, Huckleberry Finn,  and oh yeah,  Of Mice and Men (kudos to Steinbeck for making my  off-the-cuff list twice). Chances are that even if you havent read any of these titles (though that is unlikely, knowing how popularly they are assigned as staples of high school reading lists), you have at the very least  heard of them.Of Mice and Men  is particularly critical to the American literary scene because it discusses a time deeply impactful to American history, the Great Depression. Like  in his other, equally popular novel,  The Grapes of Wrath, Steinbeck focuses  Of Mice and Men on the lives of poverty-ridden individuals trying to make their ways during this time period. This novel primarily follows George and Lennie, best friends who have secured grueling jobs on a ranch i n California. The two subsequently meet other men in similar positions, though some are older, some are meaner, and some are just the same- all struggling to attain the potentially nonexistent promise of the American Dream. We realize thats a rather rough-and-tumble, not-very-detailed summary of the story, so  heres  a more in-depth synopsis of the novel. Now, lets get started. Why is  Of Mice and Men  (still) so universally appealing? In this day and age, the more specific elements of Steinbecks work arent exactly  relatable. The Great Depression is over (knock on wood), people are no longer legally segregated,  and even the farming industry has evolved with the influence of technology. Regardless,  Of Mice and Men remains a huge part of the literary scene. Why? Steinbeck had an incredible ability to delve into the human psyche in a way that transcends specific experiences and speaks to universal human themes, i.e. friendship, loneliness, and the nature of free will. The unconditional love between characters George and Lennie makes readers consider their own relationships and how far they would go for the most important people in their lives. Its pretty deep and its very touching, even without all of the storys more specific inner workings. Speaking of those universally appealing themes Steinbeck  was an interesting man in many regards, one who took most aspects of his life very seriously. During his years at Stanford where he furthered his skills in writing, Steinbeck spent summers laboring in fields alongside migrant workers, making friends and learning the life stories of people with a much less fortunate upbringing than his own. As a result, the young author undoubtedly gleaned new insight on life and how it differs based on ones upbringing and lived experiences. From here, it can be said that Steinbeck developed his opinions on the matter of free will vs. pre-determination- a topic that becomes an overarching theme in  Of Mice and Men. Also recurring in the novel are themes of relationships,  most thoroughly depicted through the love between George and Lennie, but also through their involvement with other characters. Loneliness, too, plays a large part in the development and eventual climax of the tale, finally  leading to a pessimistic view of the American Dream and its nearly inevitable failures. While the aforementioned four themes are perhaps the most consistent and arguably the most dynamic of the story, there are certainly others that can be called into play, such as the presence of racism, poverty, and uncertainty. What goes into this type of writing? As you can probably imagine, a story this deceptively complex doesnt just  happen; there are a whole bunch of literary techniques and tools that go into crafting a story that is not only interesting, but will also stand the test of time. Of Mice and Men in particular is unusual in that it was written less like a novel and more like a play; Steinbeck himself said that within a year of its publication, he wanted to turn the book into a play. As a result, readers can see that there is no narrative voice, but rather all of the action and description comes about via dialogue between the two main characters: George and Lennie. Not only is this literary technique helpful in adaptation from print to stage, but also it aids the reader in feeling involved with the story- more like a member of a conversation than a disembodied viewer. Equally important is Steinbecks utilization of  parallelism. Parallelism can be defined as the  use of successive verbal constructions in poetry or prose that correspond in grammatical structure, sound, meter, meaning, etc. This literary device is particularly visible in Steinbecks descriptive language, more particularly still in his characterization of both Lennie and George: Both were dressed in denim trousers and in denim jackets with brass buttons,  both wore black, shapeless hats, and both carried tight blanket rolls slung over their shoulders. In other words, the repetitive utilization of both points  less to the authors  lack of a thesaurus and more to his intentional use of a literary tool meant to draw comparisons between these two friends, in spite of the differences between their characters. Can we get some specifics going? Of course! Specifics are always good for furthering ones understanding. Lets take a quick look at those themes of relationships and free will/pre-determination. You may be wondering how those two themes interact- after all, they admittedly seem pretty unrelated, but our pal Steinbeck finds a way to make them work together. As an author, Steinbeck was able to embody his views about peoples lack of free will in a way that wasnt altogether too controversial. He believed that ones life was determined by genetics and the social situation  one was  born into- in other words, he believed that if you were born rich and healthy, you would stay rich and healthy (or at least be able to afford medical care), and likewise those born poor and sick would remain so until their death. Steinbeck was able to convey  this idea in multiple ways through the friendship between George and Lennie. Both characters were born poor during a particularly rough economic period, but additionally, Lennie was born with mental handicaps that made his life more difficult. Lennie was unable to escape his circumstances of not only being poor, but also mentally challenged. For his part, George was stuck in poverty and therefore accepted a job along with Lennie. On multiple occasions, Steinbeck comments on how much easier Georges life would be without Lennie, but because of their brother-like friendship, George stays with Lennie until the end, thus adopting the restrictions of Lennies life  as his own. To make a very long story short: Steinbeck was a talented writer who was able to make the telling of a story as meaningful as the story itself. This handy-dandy readers guide was not written to take the place of reading the novel, but rather to supplement it. The questions addressed here help with ones understanding and interpretation of  Of Mice and Men, but in no way do they take to task everything that makes this novel one of the most outstanding  and powerful in American history.