Frederick Douglass Essay Example for Free

Frederick Douglass Essay Frederick Douglass was brought into the world a slave in 1818, when slaves were prohibited to have instruction he prevailing with regards to instructing himself to peruse and compose. In Frederick Douglass’ Learning to Read, the crowd was given an unparalleled view that permitted a brief look inside the genuine profundity and degree of servitude. Douglass communicated accentuation on proficiency and the effect it had on servitude by uncovering how subjugation was negative not exclusively to slaves however slave proprietors, how the way to instruct himself caused mental anguish, and how education turned into his key to opportunity. Initially, the master’s spouse saw Frederick as her equivalent and didn’t see anything amiss with teaching him. Douglass said of his first educator â€Å"She from the outset came up short on the wickedness irreplaceable to quieting me down in mental obscurity (346), at that point she understood that teaching a slave implied giving them a voice. Servitude had the ability to transform a sort and caring individual into a hard and pitiless savage. â€Å"Under its impact, the delicate heart got stone, and the lamblike demeanor offered approach to one of tiger like fierceness† (Douglass 346). She stopped to teach him and ensured no one else would. â€Å"Mistress, in showing me the letter set, had offered me the bit of leeway, and no insurance could keep me from taking ell† (347). Frederick Douglass was a splendid man and resolved to figure out how to peruse. Douglass transformed youngsters into instructors and through a trade of bread effectively figured out how to peruse. In Learning to Read, Douglass needed to name the young men who helped him as â€Å"a tribute of the appreciation and fondness I bear them†(347), yet rather expressed where they lived. Douglass expounds on the means he took when figuring out how to peruse and goes as far to incorporate where the kids experienced that assist him with succeeding sets up exact rationale. The way Frederick Douglass made a trip to seek after his instruction was a thrill ride of feelings. Douglass was twelve when he ran over the book The Columbian Orator, it contained material that stood in opposition to subjection, and with trust readily available he encountered reality. â€Å"behold! That very uneasiness which Master Hugh had anticipated would follow my figuring out how to peruse has just come, to torment and sting my spirit to unutterable anguish. †(Douglass 348). He was as yet a slave, not, at this point oblivious of reality yet at the same time without the appropriate response. â€Å"I frequently got myself lamenting my own reality, and wishing myself dead; and however for the expectation of being free† Slavery was terrible to such an extent that he begrudged the confused slaves and even considered demise, yet it was trust that spared him. Douglass’ utilization of stacked language offers to the feelings of the crowd. In Learning to Read, Douglass is anxious to hear the word abolitionists, despite the fact that he didn’t comprehend what it implied he connected the word with trust. â€Å"If a slave fled and prevailing with regards to getting clear, or if a slave murdered his lord, put a match to a horse shelter, or did anything incorrectly in the brain of a slaveholder, it was talked about as the product of abolition†(348,349). From a city paper he finds out about the request to nullify servitude in the District of Columbia, and at the dock he is urged to out of control toward the north, where he could be free. Douglass composed â€Å"I comforted myself with trust that I should one day locate a decent possibility. In the interim, I would figure out how to compose. †(349) A chunk of chalk, any strong surface and another sharp strategy would furnish Douglass with the instruments important to figure out how to compose. Frederick Douglas was a slave who prevailing with regards to figuring out how to peruse and compose sets up his validity and authority. Douglass’ sees on the significance of education and the effect it had on subjugation was successful by precisely utilizing rationale, engaging feelings, and setting up moral believability In Learning to Read, Frederick Douglass gives a direct record of the battles he looked to free himself, intellectually and truly, from bondage. Through his perseverance to figure out how to peruse and compose he finds that information is the way to opportunity.

Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer

Quinceanera is a sonnet composed by Judith Ortiz that discussions about a little youngster getting ready for her change from a kid into a lady. In Spanish, the word Quinceanera is utilized to allude to a festival that is done to commend the change of a young lady into a lady where she develops and gets mindful. In the sonnet, Judith Cofer takes a gander at the progressions she needed to experience when she turned fifteen. She prevails with regards to passing on a horde of feelings and changes she suffered in a clear way that has been commended by numerous critics.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The way of life of Latin society shapes the focal topic of the sonnet. In the Latino people group, the Quinceanera is one of the most significant festivals as it denotes the passageway of a little youngster into womanhood as a rule at fifteen years old. The Quinceanera is a deta iled and collective undertaking that is directed by the girl’s guardians. The festival generally starts with a Catholic mass that is trailed by a gathering where fourteen couples go to the young lady. We can, in this way, see Judith Cofer obtains intensely from the Latin social culture while composing the sonnet (Kennedy and Pearson 586). All through the sonnet, the speaker utilizes the main individual voice ‘I or My’. Likewise, the speaker’s voice and the use of word decision uncovers her way of life as a female. This is shown in the expression â€Å"I reach under my skirt to feel a glossy silk slip† (Cofer 116). The quinceanera is related with a particular ceremony that includes a customary three step dance move that is performed by the dad and little girl. The event is likewise includes toasting of wine and the young lady tossing a bundle to a gathering of young men to figure out who will have the distinctions of hitting the dance floor with the young lady. In spite of the fact that the festival is typically tedious and costly, it denotes a significant time in numerous families. To the speaker of the sonnet, the service just added to elevating her tension, and this can be seen from the line â€Å"†¦waiting for every hour to discharge me.† She is anxious and can't trust that the festival will end (Stavans, 96). She fears being a lady and doing the greater part of the things that were accomplished for her. Judith Cofer in her sonnet investigates the issues of being a lady. In a general public, that considers a to be as mediocre compared to a man; she is against the progressions that go with womanhood. This she says would one say one is of the reasons that drove her to compose the sonnet dependent on her own encounters when she turned fifteen.Advertising Looking for inquire about paper on american writing? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In the sonnet, at fifteen, she is developing and needs to get rid of puerile practices since she is presently turning into a lady. This denotes the start of another life where she would be answerable for a large portion of the things she had accomplished for her. This is clear in the line â€Å"I am to wash my own garments and sheets from this day on,† where the writer grumbles about doing her clothing (Stavans, 96). In the sonnet, the artist considers herself to be a little youngster restricted in a develop girl’s body. She is seen respecting herself in a lovely dress with her hair very much fixed as she envisions of developing on the day and turning into a lady. The sonnet is along these lines about how everybody accepts of developing up and halting all the infantile practices, however now and again it might be difficult to welcome the progress. As per the sonnet, there is a period for being a youngster and an opportunity to develop into a grown-up. The author utilizes persona, and th is is seen when the little youngster attempts to clarify her sentiments about growing up into a grown-up. The author has likewise utilized a ton of symbolism in the sonnet particularly when the little youngster in the sonnet attempts to clarify her changing looks and feelings. The utilization of metaphorical language has assisted with making the verse rich. For instance, the fifth line says, â€Å"It is delicate as within my thighs† which catches the creative mind of the peruser as well as makes the sonnet intriguing. The utilization of metaphorical language likewise helps in underscoring on the progressions she is encountering when her adolescence is consummation, and she is transforming into a lady. The little youngster is frightened and fears turning into a lady. In the sonnet, she thinks about herself to a messed up clock, and she is frightened that as her skin widens it will break her bones. The writer composes, â€Å"At night I hear myself developing and wake to discov er my hands floating of their own will to alleviate skin extended tight over my bones† (Cofer 116). To the little youngster, the main beneficial thing that left of her adolescence is the recollections she has of when everything was fun and direct. The progress to adulthood has been a battle for the little youngster. She sees that subsequent to transforming into a lady, she will put on glossy silk slips and her days as a naã ¯ve young lady who plays with toys will be a distant memory. Her meaning of being a lady is that she should accomplish a greater amount of the family unit assignments, for example, washing her clothing as she gets ready for marriage.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More Her body changes are making her stressed and the way that her menstrual periods have begun causes her to feel embarrassed about being a lady. She cries that states â€Å"the littl e stream of blood I accept ventures out from my heart to the world were shameful† (Stavans, 96). Losing her toys appears to influence her so much that she is anxious about the possibility that that her new course in life won't license her to play with them and this makes her apprehensive. In the initial two lines of the sonnet, she cries that her doll is being stuffed like a dead youngster. To her, this means the passing of her adolescence and the start of another life that she despises. While closing the sonnet, the author gives her dread of being a lady and her life being â€Å"wound wound like the guts of a clock† (Cofer 116). End The change from youth to adulthood is one of the vital strides in everyone’s life. To a few, it very well may be simple and acknowledged, yet to other people, the progress is loaded up with a ton of dread, nervousness, and hatred. Judith Cofer’s change into a lady was probably the hardest period in her life. She composes the s onnet to delineate the blended emotions she had during the change and the occasions that denoted this progress. The adjustments in her body and the desires for the general public made her humiliated and angry of the change. Work Cited Cofer, Ortiz. Quiet moving: a fractional recognition of a Puerto Rican youth. New York: Arte Publico Press, 1990.Print Kennedy and Pearson, Gioia. A prologue to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. New York: Pearson Longman, 2004.Print Stavans, Ilan. Quinceaã ±era. Santa Clause Barbara: Greenwood, 2010.Print This exploration paper on Quinceanera by Judith Ortiz Cofer was composed and put together by client Reuben Spencer to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; be that as it may, you should refer to it as needs be. You can give your paper here.

Est-ce que je suis prêt Peut-être.

Est-ce que je suis prêt Peut-être. Bonjour, blogosphère! Ça fait longtemps que j’ai écrit un post. En toute honnêteté, il y avait beaucoup de choses et des événements qui se sont passés le dernier semestre, mais je nécrivais rien. En ce temps-là, je pensais que tout était ennuyeux. Cependant, après avoir pensé plus, je crois que quelque choses formidables se sont vraiment passés, et j’espère à écrire plus de posts sur le blog pour les expliquer. Maintenant, revenons à nos moutons. Je veux écrire un peu au sujet du dernier week-end. C’est la meilleure preuve que ma vie n’est pas seulement pour mes classes et mes devoirs. Malheureusement, je ne peux pas écrire pour longtemps, parce que je dois finir les ateliers pour une conférence psychiatrique au sujet de la santé mentale. (Je m’occupais de la logistique de la conférence depuis deux mois, et je parlerai de l’habilitation des étudiants qui deviendront chefs â€" pas de chefs culinaires, bien sûr ! â€" et comment on peut collaborer avec les administrateurs aux universités. Mais, encore, je digresse â€" le dernier week-end.) Vendredi, je suis allé à Providence pour rendre visite à quelques amis. Après être arrivé, j’ai rencontré Andrew, qui travaille à Sproutel, à son bureau. Là, les employés font les nounours (qui sappellent Jerry) qui enseignent les enfants diabétiques à gérer leur maladie. Les enfants surveillent la glycémie de leur nounours et lui donnent de la « nourriture. » Par conséquent, les enfants qui s’occupent des nounours apprennent comment on vit avec le diabète. Sproutel est présenté sur Upworthy, et quand je parlais avec Andrew vendredi, j’ai appris que Sproutel est assez célèbre, donc ce n’est pas étonnant que les trois employés de Sproutel soient assez confortables avec la presse. Prochain, j’ai rencontré Julia, une amie et une étudiante à Brown University, pour dîner. Nous avons mangé au restaurant et raconté nos nouvelles â€" c’était très sympa. Moi, j’ai mangé du saumon et de la purée, mais je nai pas pris de photo, parce que je ne suis pas comme une hippie sur Instagram. Pendant notre repas, elle m’a demandé, « À ton avis, qui est laspect le plus important de tes études à MIT? » D’abord, je suis devenu un peu triste : il n’y a que six mois avant que jobtienne mon licence, et le temps qui reste passe trop vite! Ensuite, je l’ai dit : l’aspect le plus important de mes études, c’est détermination, ou la puissance de changer votre cap sans problème. Après tout, MIT est difficile, donc il faut preparer bien et  Ãªtre prêt pour nimporte quoi, même les choses énormes. Cependant, je mentirais si je vous disais que j’ai appris tout que cette leçon peut me dire. De temps en temps, je cherche les emplois pour gagner de l’argent après mes études, mais c’était difficile à faire. C’est un peu étrange. Je ne peux pas choisir entre mon travail au labo et des emplois dans le domaine de la santé publique. Quelques amis d’Andrew me suggèrent de ne pas travailler seulement pour l’argent, même si je veux retourner à l’école après une année sabbatique. Je ne suis pas sûr que je sois d’accord avec ça, mais mes conversations avec les amis d’Andrew me laissaient inspiré. Ils sont tous entrepreneurs, y compris deux femmes qui ont dessiné des montres classe pour les aveugles. Une autre amie que j’ai rencontrée samedi veut commencer une maison de quartier en New York avec les jeux de société. Il même semble que MIT encourage l’esprit d’entreprise ; donc, bien sûr, il semble naturel d’être innovateur, ou au moins, courageux…mais comment? Quelquefois, trouver votre destin est impossible! Il y a trop de choix, mais il n’y a pas assez de temps pour choisir.

Est-ce que je suis prêt Peut-être.

Est-ce que je suis prêt Peut-être. Bonjour, blogosphère! Ça fait longtemps que j’ai écrit un post. En toute honnêteté, il y avait beaucoup de choses et des événements qui se sont passés le dernier semestre, mais je nécrivais rien. En ce temps-là, je pensais que tout était ennuyeux. Cependant, après avoir pensé plus, je crois que quelque choses formidables se sont vraiment passés, et j’espère à écrire plus de posts sur le blog pour les expliquer. Maintenant, revenons à nos moutons. Je veux écrire un peu au sujet du dernier week-end. C’est la meilleure preuve que ma vie n’est pas seulement pour mes classes et mes devoirs. Malheureusement, je ne peux pas écrire pour longtemps, parce que je dois finir les ateliers pour une conférence psychiatrique au sujet de la santé mentale. (Je m’occupais de la logistique de la conférence depuis deux mois, et je parlerai de l’habilitation des étudiants qui deviendront chefs â€" pas de chefs culinaires, bien sûr ! â€" et comment on peut collaborer avec les administrateurs aux universités. Mais, encore, je digresse â€" le dernier week-end.) Vendredi, je suis allé à Providence pour rendre visite à quelques amis. Après être arrivé, j’ai rencontré Andrew, qui travaille à Sproutel, à son bureau. Là, les employés font les nounours (qui sappellent Jerry) qui enseignent les enfants diabétiques à gérer leur maladie. Les enfants surveillent la glycémie de leur nounours et lui donnent de la « nourriture. » Par conséquent, les enfants qui s’occupent des nounours apprennent comment on vit avec le diabète. Sproutel est présenté sur Upworthy, et quand je parlais avec Andrew vendredi, j’ai appris que Sproutel est assez célèbre, donc ce n’est pas étonnant que les trois employés de Sproutel soient assez confortables avec la presse. Prochain, j’ai rencontré Julia, une amie et une étudiante à Brown University, pour dîner. Nous avons mangé au restaurant et raconté nos nouvelles â€" c’était très sympa. Moi, j’ai mangé du saumon et de la purée, mais je nai pas pris de photo, parce que je ne suis pas comme une hippie sur Instagram. Pendant notre repas, elle m’a demandé, « À ton avis, qui est laspect le plus important de tes études à MIT? » D’abord, je suis devenu un peu triste : il n’y a que six mois avant que jobtienne mon licence, et le temps qui reste passe trop vite! Ensuite, je l’ai dit : l’aspect le plus important de mes études, c’est détermination, ou la puissance de changer votre cap sans problème. Après tout, MIT est difficile, donc il faut preparer bien et  Ãªtre prêt pour nimporte quoi, même les choses énormes. Cependant, je mentirais si je vous disais que j’ai appris tout que cette leçon peut me dire. De temps en temps, je cherche les emplois pour gagner de l’argent après mes études, mais c’était difficile à faire. C’est un peu étrange. Je ne peux pas choisir entre mon travail au labo et des emplois dans le domaine de la santé publique. Quelques amis d’Andrew me suggèrent de ne pas travailler seulement pour l’argent, même si je veux retourner à l’école après une année sabbatique. Je ne suis pas sûr que je sois d’accord avec ça, mais mes conversations avec les amis d’Andrew me laissaient inspiré. Ils sont tous entrepreneurs, y compris deux femmes qui ont dessiné des montres classe pour les aveugles. Une autre amie que j’ai rencontrée samedi veut commencer une maison de quartier en New York avec les jeux de société. Il même semble que MIT encourage l’esprit d’entreprise ; donc, bien sûr, il semble naturel d’être innovateur, ou au moins, courageux…mais comment? Quelquefois, trouver votre destin est impossible! Il y a trop de choix, mais il n’y a pas assez de temps pour choisir.

Goal Setting With Elementary Students

With the start of the new school year upon us, it is the perfect time to have your students begin school by learning how to set positive goals. Setting goals is an important life skill that all elementary students need to know. While the students may still be a bit too young to think about what college they want to go to, or the career they may want to have, its never too late to teach them the importance of setting, and achieving a goal. Here are a few tips to help your elementary students learn to set goals. Define What a "Goal" Means Elementary students may think the word goal means when you are referring to a sporting event. So, the first thing that you want to do is have students brainstorm what they think setting a goal means. You can use the reference of a sporting event to help you. For example, you can tell the students that when an athlete makes a goal, the goal is the result of their hard work. You can also have students look up the meaning in the dictionary. Webster’s Dictionary defines the word goal as â€Å"something that you are trying to do or achieve.† Teach the Importance of Goal Setting Once you have taught your elementary students the meaning of the word, now its time to teach the importance of setting goals. Discuss with your students that setting goals helps you become more confident in yourself, helps you make better decisions in your life, and gives you motivation. Ask students to think about a time that they had to sacrifice something that they really loved, for an even better outcome. You can give them an example if they are unsure. For instance, you can say: I really like to get a coffee and a donut before work every day but it can get really expensive. I want to surprise my children and take them on a family vacation, so I need to give up my morning routine in order to save money to do that. This example is showing your students that you have given up something that you really liked, for an even better outcome. It explains how powerful setting goals and achieving them can really be. By giving up your morning routine of coffee and donuts, you were able to save enough money to take your family on a vacation. Teach Students How to Set Realistic Goals Now that students understand the meaning of a goal, as well as the importance of setting goals, now its time to actually set a few realistic goals. Together as a class, brainstorm a few goals that you think are realistic. For example, students may say My goal is to get a better grade on my math test this month. Or I will strive to complete all of my homework assignments by Friday. By helping your students set small, achievable goals that can be achieved quickly, you will help them understand the process of setting and achieving a goal. Then, once they grasp this concept you can have them set even bigger goals. Have students focus on which goals are most important (make sure they are measurable, achievable, as well as specific). Develop a Method to Achieve the Goal Once students have chosen the specific goal that they want to achieve, the next step is to show them how they are going to achieve it. You can do this by showing students the following step-by-step procedure. For this example, the students goal is to pass their spelling test. Step 1: Do all spelling homework Step 2: Practice spelling words each day after school Step 3: Practice spelling worksheets each day Step 4: Play spelling games or go on the Spellingcity.com app Step 5: Get an A on my spelling test Make sure that students have a visual reminder of their goal. It is also wise that you have a daily or weekly meeting with each student to see how their goals are developing. Once they achieve their goal, its time to celebrate! Make a big deal out of it, this way it will want them to make even bigger goals in the future.

The Importance of Family Essay - 3145 Words

?gThe family is the most basic unit of government. As the first community to which a person is attached and the first authority under which a person learns to live, the family establishes societys most basic values.?h Charles Caleb Colton What does the existence of ?efamily?f mean to you? To me, family is the group of people who will be by my side through out my entire life. They are the people who cherish myself and turn to me when everything is going wrong. My parents show me how to do the most important things in life which are to love and to be loved. They also give me the chance to do whatever I choose in life without making me do what they want me to. My brother always shows he is interested in everything as well as I do. Family†¦show more content†¦By way of comparison, Dave Pelzer, the author of The Lost Boy was born in 1960 and grew up in a middle-class of San Francisco. He had experienced extraordinary life. As a child, he endured the horrors of child abuse, which included physical pain, mental cruelty, and frequent starvation. At age 12, Dave was placed in foster care until he enlisted in the U.S. Air Force at age 18. The story is an entirely true story written by the author himself. According to C hild Abuse Network Center, the amount of child abuse is increasing each year. Although it was less in the past, the significance of the effect that child abuse causes, has not changed over years. Here again, family is what a person receives the largest effect and is something that each individual should honor about being a member of their own family. This is why Dave was so miserably poor that he grew up in a family which he couldn?ft honor. The author of My Left Foot, Christy Brown, was born in Crumlin, Dublin, in 1932 as one of thirteen children. He suffered from cerebral palsy and was considered mentally disabled until he snatched a piece of chalk from his sister with his left foot. During this time people have struggled under severe economic depression that exploded in 1930?fs in Ireland. Family of Christy Brown was not an exceptional, so the family struggled with poverty. However their family strength was very strong as ChristyShow MoreRelatedThe Importance Of The Family1880 Words   |  8 PagesDiscuss the Importance of the family in society The family is a unit which in itself serves a different purpose in society, although the unit actually stays the same its functions vary depending on which sociological theory it is being perceived from. This essay intends to discuss the importance of the family in society using theories and studies to support this, and will look at the family according to the functionalist theory, the Marxist theory, and the feminist theory. It will look at how genderRead MoreImportance of Family801 Words   |  4 PagesAs soon as the man steps in this world, the first individuals he comes across are his family members (obviously excluding the hospital staffJ). The first individual is the mother who has taken great pain to bring him to this world. Then is the father who is always there to care for him. Then come the siblings. The word family has multiple meanings in dictionary. It is ‘a social unit living together’ or ‘parents and their children, considered as a group, whether dwelling together or not’. In aRead MoreThe Importance of Family Dinners1454 Words   |  6 PagesFamily Dinners: The effect is has on our children Midterm Project Kaplan University Research Methods in Criminal Justice CJ490 Abstract _There are countless studies of teens in our society who commit violent crimes. This study will show having family meals opens the lines of communication between teens and their parents. 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We often become so occupied with other activities that we often neglect some rituals. For some, rituals make living in this turbulent world less complex and steadier (Faull, 2017). Family rituals can keep the family grounded and help them remember where they came from. They will use this time to speak about dif ferent family rituals that have beenRead MoreThe Importance Of Family And Their Legacy1754 Words   |  8 Pagesboth recognize the importance of family and their legacy as represented in these funerary structures. The first object is a pseudo-group statue of Penmeru from Egypt, whereas the second object from Greece is a Sarcophagus and lid with a husband and wife. Both of the objects seem to be something placed in a tomb or funerary setting, with the purpose of not only memorializing the tomb owner, but emphasizing the importance of family and their legacy, showing the strength of the family through the presentRead MoreThe Importance Of Family : Is The Family Is Dying Institution?1817 Words   |  8 PagesThe Importance of Family: Is the family is dying institution? Some observers say yes, arguing that the family is doomed. The family according to arguments contributes more misery than benefits because it is all adapted the modern social life. A family is a group united by marriage, blood, and adoption in order to satisfy intimacy needs, bear and socialize children. A family becomes a problem when it does not fulfill its purposes, particularly its purpose as a primary group. After birth, our self-imageRead MoreThe Importance Of Family Communication950 Words   |  4 PagesMy topic is, keeping family communication going in today’s technological world. My resource will be a brochure directed towards the family unit. In person communications are being lost to communicating via communication technologies. Keeping communication going in today’s technological world would relate to the Chronosystem level of Urie Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Theory because not communicating has harmful effects on the family unit within the microsystems. In the first article, we will be lookingRead MoreThe Importance Of Family Values703 Words   |  3 PagesThe most important thing to do as a parent is create family values. One way to establish family values is to spend time together as a family. Another way to create family values is to talk to your children on a regular basis so they are able to express themselves. While reading the article â€Å"Defining Your Family Values†, it gave suggestions such as meeting up with your family at least once a week to express your feelings and hardships in your life. This article went into detail about how we have 3Read MoreThe Importance Of My Family713 Words   |  3 PagesTo begin, my immediate family includes my mom, dad, and I. When I am asked about my family its hard not to include my extended family, because they are a huge part of my life. I didn’t just grow up with my parents I lived with my grandma, uncles, and cousins. The clo seness there is in Hispanic families with extended family is something I take pride in. Growing up I would say my parents were part of the working class, and now they are part of the middle class. I’ve seen my parents reach that status

Nommo and the Bible Essay - 740 Words

Nommo and the Bible A Comparison and Contrast of the Character Names in The Poisonwood Bible Barbara Kingslover writes a book entitled, The Poisonwood Bible that explore the effects one culture has on another. The four daughters; Rachel, Leah, Adah, and Ruth May, at birth are given names suitable and fitting to their personalities, as well as new Kikongo names which describe the girls’ attitudes towards the people in the Congo. A principal of the Congolese belief system, suggests that the girls have grown into their names, causing their specific type of people interaction. The eldest daughter of the four is Rachel Price. In the Bible, the person named Rachel is described as more beautiful than her sister Leah (Genesis Ch. 29-35). In†¦show more content†¦In the Bible, Adah is a minor character that could be the wife of two men (Genesis 4:19). In the book, Adah goes back in forth between her two â€Å"men† or beliefs; she either believes in science, or God. Adah is also overlooked when the fire ants attacked their village; her own mother felt her behind (306). Orleanna did not favor Adah, causing her to be a â€Å"minor† member in the family. The youngest and most innocent of the Price children is Ruth May. She is given the name of Bandu in the kikongo language, meaning â€Å"the reason for everything† and â€Å"the littlest one on the bottom.† Orleanna (the mother) values Ruth May the most of her four children. All of Orleanna’s narratives are meant for Ruth May. In the Bible, Ruth is a character who helped soldiers when they needed it, she was a friend. The translation of the word Ruth in Hebrew means â€Å"companion† (â€Å"Origin and Meaning of Baby Names). The word ruth in English, mean grief; for Orleanna, she felt much grief when Ruth May died. An entire book of the Bible describes Ruth, and an entire character dedicates what she says to Ruth May. The Kikongo word nommo is the force that makes things live as what they are (209); it is a song, a poem, a scream, a prayer, a name(210). It refers to the belief that naming something gives it its nature - a man is a man because that is what he is named, whereas a rabbit is not a man because that is not what he is named. Nommo says you do not have a life until youShow MoreRelatedSummary Of The Poisonwood Bible 1318 Words   |  6 PagesAP Literature and Composition Summer Reading Assignment The Poisonwood Bible Analyzed by: Shraddha Patel contents: 6 essays  â€Å" Imagine a ruin so strange it must never have happened First, picture the forest. I want you to be its conscience, the eyes in the trees.† The effect of the above directive on the reader is that it takes us into the world that is so disparate from anything that we, the reader, could have ever imagined. It propels the reader to continue reading and disclose the mysteryRead MoreSummary Of The Poisonwood Bible 2533 Words   |  11 PagesAnupa Joseph Period 07/24/15 Fernstrom The Poisonwood Bible Reader Response #1: Pages 1-186 Whose Revelation? What is the Revelation? What do the girls learn? Book two is entitled â€Å"The Revelation† and the girls’ sections is entitled â€Å"The Things We Learned.† The Revelation was intended to mainly the Price family, excluding the father. The theme revelation has another definition: apocalypse. In the bible, the apocalypse leads to destruction and demise right before when God makes it a better place

Exact And Sufficient Description Solution - Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: What Is Meant By An Exact And Sufficient Description Of The Solution? Answer: Introducation Simply defined, algorithm is the set of rules and processes that should be followed in any problem solving and decision-making. Generally, algorithm is the term used in computer terminology. It is used to define the processes or the steps that computer system takes to solve any problem or to reach to any decision. The term algorithm is also used to decide the methodology or the way any computer system reacts to the problem or decision. It can also be called as a procedure or formula to solve any problem. When referring to the term algorithm The term algorithm is also used to reach out to the solution of the problem in an exact and sufficient manner. By exact it means that the use of algorithm would give the exact solution. It means that the solution would be to the point without any deviation. The sufficient description of the solution means that the algorithm would be sufficient to reach out to the solution and any other input may not be required. Describe what is meant by an algorithm is guaranteed to end. It means that algorithms are never open ended in nature. Any algorithm that would have a start point would also have an end point. The very definition of algorithm guarantees an end state. Algorithm can be considered as a flow chart and like any flowchart any algorithm must also end (Saldana, 2015). Therefore, it is often said that an algorithm is guaranteed to an end. Under any circumstances any algorithm cannot be open and in fact if any set of processes does not reach a logical end then it is not an algorithm. Describe the reasons for taking the time to design a process before starting to code. It is always important to design a process before starting the code. It can be said that designing a process is like establishing the flow chart. It is suggested that the code should be based on the structure and design helps to create the structure. Moreover, coding is a time consuming process and it is not easy to go back from a point in coding to earlier point. Therefore, it would make sense to design a process first and once the design is finalized coding should be the next step. Describe the process that you would use to consult with a client and key stakeholders to identify a problem and its associated script requirements. The first step of the process would be requirement gathering. It would be the phase in which requirement would be collected from client. The nest step of the process would be assessment phase. It is important that a thorough assessment should be done. The input from the stakeholders would be important in the assessment phase. The nest phase or the nest step would be framework development phase. This is the phase in which a strong framework would be developed. The next phase would be actual development phase followed by testing and support and maintenance phase. Describe the process that you would use to develop an algorithm to solve a problem and meet a clients requirements. How would you ensure that the algorithm takes into account all of the expected possible situations? There are various processes or ways to develop the algorithm to solve any problem. The most simple and widely used method would be to break down the complete problem or the large requirements into smaller requirements. Based on the smaller requirements, the steps should be listed down in order to solve the small problems and in collective manner, it would be an algorithm. scribe the term abstract design. In the terminology of computer science and coding, the term abstract design is used to make process simpler. The term abstraction is used to hide the complexities of algorithm to users. The term abstract design is used to design the code in a manner that complex features are not visible to the users and for users it is easy to use the code. Describe the process that you would use to review an abstract design for omissions or errors. It can be said that it is never easy to review and abstract design. The process of abstraction makes it little difficult to understand the code. The process to be followed to review any abstract design should start with the first step of removing the abstraction layer. Once the abstraction layer is removed, the design elements can be reviewed with the help of a top down approach. It is important that the layer of abstraction must be removed before reviewing any abstract design. List and describe the criteria for selecting an appropriate scripting language. There are various scripting language with its own pros and cons. The developer may often find it difficult to select the scripting language. Some developers may want to script in Java and some may prefer Python. The three important criteria for selecting an appropriate scripting language can be highlighted as: The scripting language should be easy to debug. There should be sufficient external support for the scripting language. It could be availability of different functions and library. The developers, testers and the team should be aware of the coding standards in the scripting language. Describe how you would ensure that internal document principles are applied to created code. It is very important to apply the internal document principles. Basically the internal document principles ensure that everything is documented in the system. It would ensure that the coding is relatively easy when the hands change. With this approach, different team members can work in collaboration and an integrated approach could be taken to the process of software development. Describe the information that you would expect to find regarding developing maintainable code in organizational guidelines. One of the basic but must useful information of maintainable code is that it has comments (Humphrey, 2016). It is one of the great best practices to use comments while writing any code. It ensures that debugging is easy and the other people can also understand the code Describe the process that you would use to test that code meets the design specifications. There are various ways of testing that should be used to test the code. The process that should be used to test the code would start with unit testing, followed by system testing, system integration testing and end-to-end testing. It is important that testers should also include the developers while doing the unit testing. Describe the elements of script that should be documented at a technical and user level. It is important that scripts should be well documented at the technical level and the user level. At the technical level, the code element of the script should be documented with proper comments. At the user level, the information about the way script is used should be documented. References Humphrey, B., 2016. Young Rewired State: Get Coding! Learn HTML, CSS JavaScript Build a Website, App Game.School Librarian,64(3), pp.189-190. Saldana, J., 2015.The coding manual for qualitative researchers. Sage

China Sustainable Cities Program

Executive Summary China Sustainable Cities Program is a massive project that is meant to turn around the current structure of the cities of this country. After years of being considered the world’s leading country in environmental pollution, China has decided to make a move that would see have a transformed society. This project is meant to ensure that the cities are self sustaining and able to meet the international safety standards.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on China Sustainable Cities Program specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Procurement and contract management is one of the important factors that have to be considered in this project. Contracts should be issued based on merits. It is important that the project management team considers both legal and health concerns as measures of determining the best firm to award contracts. One of the strengths of this project is that China is a country has a huge human resource base and therefore it should consider exploiting it maximally. This move by the government of China was seen as a transformational leadership. It is therefore necessary that quality measures are considered when putting up the project. Various measures of quality should be employed. The human resource involved should also be properly managed to ensure harmony in the projects. Introduction China is one of the fastest growing economies in the world. According to Lieberthal (1995, p. 67), it is also one of the largest manufactures of various products targeted at both developing and developed nations. Because of the large manufacturing companies in this country, it was named the leading country in the world in air pollution. It emits the highest percentage of carbon into the air, causing air pollution (Campanella 2008, p. 85). This would in turn pollute rain water and this cycle of pollution would continue. China has the highest population in the world. Most of its cities currently are over capacitated, a fact that has been attributed to the poor urban planning. As such, the government has seen it wise to design cities that are able to meet the demands of the current population and the expected growth. The cities have been planned to meet the needs of the expected population growth of this country. According to Zhou (2006, p. 78), the cities are planned in such a way that it would satisfy the demands of the future population despite the limited space that is available in these cities. In this effort, there is also the need to ensure that the cities are free from carbon pollution. Zhao (2011, p. 34) explains that the cities are to be sustainable in two main fronts. The first front is that they should be able to absorb China’s expected large population for the next fifteen to thirty years without any problem of limited housing facilities.Advertising Looking for report on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first pape r with 15% OFF Learn More The other front is that the cities should be free of pollution. China still expects to be the leading manufacturer in the world. However, it is making an effort to produce these products at limited pollution rates (Berlatsky 2010, p. 89). The cities should completely be free from any form of pollution. This paper seeks to critically analyze china sustainable cities program in international project management field, with a view to ascertaining its strengths and weaknesses. Findings Procurement and Contracts Management in China Sustainable Cities Program Procurement Strategies Low (2000, p. 56) explains that procurement is one of the most important factors to consider in coming up with the major projects. In China Sustainable Cities Program, there was a need to develop a procurement strategy that would see to it that this project is made a success (Joseph 2010, p. 41). The concerned individuals in this government investment must properly manage the c ontracts. Principles and approaches According to Zhang (2010, p. 67), it is very important to ensure that major project are awarded to firms and individuals who have the capacity to perform the required task in the best way possible. The approach taken in selecting the firms to award various tenders would depend on the track record. Lye (2010, p. 54) says that China Sustainable Cities Program is a project that is geared towards achieving the best infrastructure within China’s major cities. Procurement must therefore be done professionally. Legal considerations Legal factors should also be considered in the procurement process. According Benn (2002, p. 29), when awarding contracts to such massive projects like this, it is highly recommended that the legality of the contracted firms is confirmed. The firms should be legally viable to carry out obligations that they are assigned (Martine 2008, p. 39). It should be based on merit and should be done transparently. The entire proce ss of the project should be based upon the laws of the land. Rules and regulations of different arms of the government should be adhered to. Health and safety The program aims at coming with cities that are sustainable. As Meng (2010, p. 27) says, one of the leading factors to consider in coming up with these cities is health and safety procedures. The project management team has the mandate to ensure that the contracted firms have the capacity to ensure health and safety of the cities upon their completion (Chang 2000, p. 37). The whole process of developing the cities should also be characterized by health and safety procedures.Advertising We will write a custom report sample on China Sustainable Cities Program specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Relationships As Wright (2008, p. 19) says, the process of awarding tenders should be done in a free and fair manner if success is to be achieved. The tendering process should not be base d on some favoritism standards. The award should be given on merit irrespective of any relationship that could be there between the tendering board and the concerned firms. Transformational change and leadership in china sustainable cities program Change Principles in Projects The Chinese government has seen the need to develop cities that are able to respond to the requirements of the environment. For some time now, the leadership of this country has always been challenged to show leadership and cut down on its pollution rates (Kalman 1998, p. 34). This project is seen as its positive response towards this challenge. Transformational change and leaders The development of these cities is seen as a transformational approach by transformational leaders of this country. Wang (2009, p. 28) says that transformational leadership is the key ingredient towards transformational change. This massive project is a clear pointer that the government has considered the need to transform this count ry for the better. Quality assurance in projects This project is one of its kinds. Quality assurance is always easily done when there a benchmark upon which it is done. As Visser (2010, p. 90) says, quality would be based on some set standards. However, because of uniqueness of this project, quality assurance would be based on the expectations of the project. It would be judged on how well it satisfies the expectations of the designers, the government and society in general. Managing risks in projects Midler (2009, p. 30) argues that risk management is a factor that should be considered in such a massive project. The project management should clearly spell out risks that are likely to be experienced in coming out with such projects and the best mitigation measures. According to Terrill (1975, p. 34), risks in such projects are unique to a given area as they are always shaped by such factors as environment and social structure of the society among others. The role of People Managemen t in cross cultural teams This project has attracted human resource from various regions. As such, it is a fact that the human resource working on the project vary in cultural practices (Perkins 1999, p. 18). The project management team should make an effort to ensure that this team work cohesively, without letting the cultural differences factor in when implementing the plan. According Chasek (2000, p. 26), the team should be allowed to practice their cultural practices independently without any prejudice. Performance Earned Value Management in China Sustainable Cities Program Earned Value Management in Projects Earned value management would be one of the key considerations in this project. In this massive project, the main aim is to have a city that is self sustaining, a city that is able to absorb the growing population of China and maintains the environment clean (Knapp 2000, p. 78). The earned value should be based on this expected value of the project.Advertising Looking for report on political sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Origin and application Song and Woo (2008, p. 95) say that Earned Value Management is a tool for measuring project progress and performance. It originated in United States in 1960s as a financial analysis tool for large projects. This tool came to existence because of the need to evaluate the performance of large projects. It was a measure to ensure that large government or institutional projects run as per the plans of the concerned individuals. Techniques The main techniques in assessing projects using earned value management tool is by determining the Project Value of the completed project. The perceived value of the project would be determined based on the cost of the project (Knight Song 1999, p. 88). The value of the completed project should reflect on the cost of the project. Key consideration and issues relating to Earned Value Management Some of the key considerations of issues relating to Earned Value Management include the simplicity or complexity of the implementation o f the projects. As Dauvergne (2008, p. 81) says the analysis can be done based on simple implementation where emphasis is only based on technical performance. Alternatively, it can be based on intermediate implementation which involves integration of schedule and technical performance. The last approach would be advanced implementation which integrates the technical performance, cost and schedule of the project (Knox Marston 2012, p. 68). In each of the three approaches, there is uniqueness that the concerned individuals should be observant of. Performance management-360 degrees appraisals 360-degrees appraisal, also known as 360-degree feedback or multi-rater feedback or multi-source assessment is an appraisal procedure of the human resource by the immediate members of an employee. In this project, the contracted firms have the obligation to meet the expectations of the Chinese government in constructing the new model of the city. Day and Ma (1994, p. 69) argue that such firms wou ld need to ensure that individual employees who are tasked with various duties in the firm perform their duties as per the expectations. There would therefore be a need to conduct appraisal of the employees at regular intervals. The project management team can involve the locals to give a feedback of the entire project, individual sections of the entire project and even the performance of single individuals of the project (Ferroa Chan 2002, p. 67). The feedback would then be used to determine the path for the project. If the feedback is negative, the project management team may need to go back to the drawing board and define new paths. Risk Earned Value Management should not be used as a single tool for the analysis. This is because of the risk involved. This approach has been lauded as being a very appropriate tool in the analysis of the financial viability of the project, and other financial factors. However, the risk comes in that it does not cover quality of the project. Robbin s (2007, p. 39) says this approach would give the right budget for the project but it is not an assurance on the quality. For this reason therefore, the cost of the project would be correctly determined, but the result may be dissatisfying. This main undoing of this approach has been the reason why it has been recommended that this tool should be used in conjunction with others to ensure a complete assessment and quality assurance. Quality and compliance issues China Sustainable Cities Program is a major project that would require a close monitoring to ensure complete compliance to quality issues. The government looks forward to having a project that meets the specifications that were put in place. Because of the amount of investment put in this project, it would demand that the project satisfies all the conditions put in place. Conversely, the people of China who are expected to stay in these ultra-modern cities have their own expectations that should be met upon completion of this project. The project management team must therefore employ the right quality management tools to ensure that the project comes out with the right quality. Human Resources and Conflict Management in China Sustainable Cities Program The HR role and function Human resource has a pivotal role in the development of China Sustainable Cities. This massive project requires skills manpower to ensure its success. These ultra-modern cities require a lot of skills in order for them to become s reality (Fook Gang 2010, p. 62). The role of human resource would not only be in the construction and quality management, but also the auditing and inspection duties. Negotiation and conflict management Conflict management is one of the most important functions in any set up that have individuals who, in one way or the other are expected to differ in thoughts. According to (Glaeser 1987, p. 39), negotiation is the best way through which such conflicts can be resolved. In this program, there should be a clearly spelt way in which the human resource should relate. Management of conflicts should be done using negotiations or any other appropriate means (Inoguchi, Newman Paoletto 1999, p. 32). Teamwork Teamwork cannot be avoided in such a massive undertaking. This project would have a number of professionals and individuals performing different duties all geared towards the achievement of a sustainable city. Different departments should work in close coordination with others to ensure uniformity. Overlapping of duties should be avoided at all the stages (Hodges 1970, p. 47). The entire team should work having in mind the objective of the entire process. Knowledge management and the learning organization Human resource is always in a continuous learning process. Knowledge management is therefore a factor that any organization would have to consider in order to ensure effectively of its human resource. The team involved in this project should have a rough idea of how the project would look like upon completion. This may call for some in-service training (Liauw, L 2008, p. 27). Conclusion China sustainable cities project is one of its kind. It is geared towards ensuring that China has cities that would be in a position to absorb the growing population of this country. The project is meant to ensure that this country has cities that are pollution free. Though very costly, this huge project is a move by the government to ensure that this country makes an effort in ensuring that this country adheres to the environmental protocols put forth by international bodies. To ensure that this project is a success, there is need to ensure that several measures are put in place. The success of this project would start from the procurement. It is from this that the project would get quality products that would be used in various stages. For this reason therefore, the project management team should ensure that it employs an appropriate procedure in the procurement procedure. The project management team should ensure professionalism in conducting their duties. Transformational leadership is one of the most important factors that should be considered when implementing this project. People employed to work on the projects may come from different regions. However, it is important to manage them in such a way that they would be in a position to work as a unit, without having their difference in culture as a barrier. Recommendations This project is one of the major undertakings of China as a country. It is one of the moves that are meant to ensure that various cities of this country are not only able to absorb the population of the country, but is also eco-friendly. Success of the project is therefore given a lot of priority. Some of the factors to consider in ensuring success include the following. The project management team should consider outsourcing local firms to perform these duties. Although some phases of the project may require outsourcing of internati onal firms, most of the duties should be done by the locals. This would not only lower the cost, but will also result in quality performance because they would have a feeling that they are developing their own country. To ensure quality of the entire project, quality assessment should be done at close intervals. The team should develop stages that assessment would be done. Any issue raised at each stage should be addressed before moving to the next stage. The project should be conducted with international standards in mind. Because of the financial consequences involved in the project, various arms of the government should be involved. List References Benn, D 2002, Daily life in traditional China: the Tang dynasty, Greenwood Press, Westport. Berlatsky, N 2010, China, Greenhaven Press, Detroit. Campanella, TJ 2008, The concrete dragon: China’s urban revolution and what it means for the world, Princeton Architectural Press, New York. Chang, L 2000, Factory girls: from village to city in a changing China, Spiegel Grau, New York. Chasek, P 2000, The global environment in the twenty-first century: prospects for international cooperation, United Nations University Press, Tokyo. Dauvergne, P 2008, The shadows of consumption: consequences for the global environment, MIT Press, London. Day, LH Ma, X 1994, Migration and urbanization in China, Sharpe, Armonk. Ferroa, P G Chan, E 2002, China, Benchmark Books, New York. Fook, L Gang, C 2010, Towards a Liveable and Sustainable Urban Environment Eco-Cities in East Asia, World Scientific, Singapore. Glaeser, B 1987, Learning from China?: development and environment in Third World countries, Allen Unwin, London. Hodges, H 1970, Technology in the ancient world, Knopf, New York. Inoguchi, T Newman, E Paoletto, G1999, Cities and the environment: new approaches for eco-societies, United Nations University Press, Tokyo. Jacka, T 2005, Rural women in urban China: gender, migration, and social change, Sharpe, Armonk. Jo seph, W 2010, Politics in China: an introduction, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Kalman, B 1998, China, Crabtree Pub, Toronto. Knapp, R 2000, China’s walled cities, Oxford University Press, Hong Kong. Knight, J Song, L 1999, The rural-urban divide economic disparities and interactions in China, Oxford University Press, Oxford. Knox, P Marston, S 2012, Human geography: places and regions in global context (6th ed.), Pearson Education, Glenview. Liauw, L 2008, New urban China, Wiley, London. Lieberthal, K 1995, Governing China: from revolution through reform, W.W. Norton, New York. Low, N 2000, Consuming cities: the urban environment in the global economy after the Rio Declaration, Routledge, London. Lye, L F 2010, Towards a livable and sustainable urban environment: eco-cities in East Asia, World Scientific, Singapore. Martine, G 2008, The new global frontier urbanization, poverty and environment in the 21st century, Earthscan, London. Meng, X 2010, The great migration: ru ral-urban migration in China and Indonesia, Edward Elgar, Cheltenham. Midler, P 2009, Poorly made in China: an insider’s account of the tactics behind China’s production game, Wiley, Hoboken. Perkins, D 1999, Encyclopedia of China: the essential reference to China, its history and culture, Facts on File, New York. Qiu, X.2006, A case of two cities, St. Martin’s Minotaur, New York. Robbins, P 2007, Encyclopedia of environment and society, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks. Song, L Woo, W 2008, China’s dilemma: economic growth, the environment and climate change, Anu E Press, Canberra. Terrill, R 1975, Flowers on an iron tree: five cities of China, Little, Brown, Boston. Visser, R 2010, Cities surround the countryside: urban aesthetics in post-socialist China. Duke University Press, Durham. Wang, Y.2009, ICCTP 2009 critical issues in transportation system planning, development, and management: proceedings of the Ninth International Conference of Chinese Tra nsportation Professionals: August 5-9, Harbin, China. Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers. Wright, H 2008, Instant cities, Black Dog Publishing, London. Zhang, J 2010, ICLEM 2010 logistics for sustained economic development : infrastructure, information, integration : proceedings of the 2010 International Conference of Logistics Engineering and Management : October 8-10, 2010, Chengdu, China. Reston, Va.: American Society of Civil Engineers. Zhao, J 2011, Towards sustainable cities in China analysis and assessment of some Chinese cities in 2008, Springer, New York. Zhou, L 2006, China business: environment, momentum, strategies, prospects, Pearson, Singapore. This report on China Sustainable Cities Program was written and submitted by user Kailynn Salas to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Origin and Meaning of the Last Name Boyle

Origin and Meaning of the Last Name Boyle A variant of OBOYLE, from the Irish Ó BAOGHILL. Of uncertain derivation, but the Boyle last name is considered by most to be connected to the Irish geall, meaning pledge or vain pledge, or thought to mean having profitable pledges. The OBoyles were chieftains in Donegal, ruling west Ulster with the ODonnells and the ODoughertys. Boyles can also be found in Kildare and Offaly. BOYLE is one of 50 common Irish surnames of modern Ireland, as well as the 84th most popular last name in Scotland. Surname Origin:  Irish, Scottish Alternate Surname Spellings:  BOYLES, O BOYLE, O BAOIGHILL, O BAOILL Clan Boyle: Clan Boyle in Scotland originated with Anglo-Norman knights bearing the de Beauville or, more commonly,  de Boyville name  from Beauville, near Caen. They are believed to have arrived in Scotland after the Norman conquest of England in 1066. There is a record of a David de Boivil witnessing a charter as early as 1164. Originally, the name was confined to the south-west of Scotland where it was pronounced bowl. The surname spelling also changed over time, with the shortened variant  Boyll appearing in 1367 and Boyle in 1482. The land surrounding Kelburn Castle in Ayrshire has been the home of Clan Boyle since the 13th century and is currently occupied by the 10th Earl of Glasgow, Patrick Robin Archibald Boyle.  The Boyle clan motto is Dominus provedebit which means God will provide. A branch of the Boyles from Kelburn became established in Ireland and eventually became the Earls of Cork.  Richard Boyle (1566–1643), the 1st Earl of Cork, was Lord Treasurer of the Kingdom of Ireland. Famous People with the BOYLE Last Name: Robert Boyle - Irish born scientist, and 7th son of Richard Boyle, Earl of CorkT.C. Boyle - American writer and novelistWillard S. Boyle – Canadian physicistSusan Boyle - Scottish born singer made famous by Britains Got Talent Genealogy Resources for the BOYLE Last Name: Family Boyle Surname DNA ProjectThis free project uses results from Y-DNA testing to map individuals with the Boyle surname into different branches of the Boyle family tree. Joining the project entitles you to a discount on DNA testing. Boyle Family Genealogy ForumSearch this popular genealogy forum for the Boyle last name to find others who might be researching your ancestors, or post your own Boyle surname query. DistantCousin.com - BOYLE Genealogy Family HistoryExplore links to databases and genealogical resources for the Boyle last name. Looking for the meaning of a given name? Check out First Name MeaningsCant find your last name listed? Suggest a surname to be added to the Glossary of Surname Meanings Origins. Sources Cottle, Basil. Penguin Dictionary of Surnames. Baltimore, MD: Penguin Books, 1967. Menk, Lars. A Dictionary of German Jewish Surnames. Avotaynu, 2005. Beider, Alexander. A Dictionary of Jewish Surnames from Galicia. Avotaynu, 2004. Hanks, Patrick and Flavia Hodges. A Dictionary of Surnames. Oxford University Press, 1989. Hanks, Patrick. Dictionary of American Family Names. Oxford University Press, 2003. Smith, Elsdon C. American Surnames. Genealogical Publishing Company, 1997.

BUSINESS MODELS AND PLANNING Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

BUSINESS MODELS AND PLANNING - Essay Example The project leader would need to establish the standards within which the communication will occur. The stakeholders would also need to be aware of the course of the communication with the indication of how and when it will take place. The strategic information enables the project leader to set the scope for all the communications that are relevant to the project. The strategic information is also significant for scheduling various projects, within a period, thereby making the stakeholders to be aware of the progress. In proper management of the firm’s processes, the project leader would need a proper strategic information to help in ensuring consistency in the communication process. The presentation of the strategic information to the stakeholders helps them to maintain consistent communication with each other. The stakeholders would need to follow the strategic information to identify any information about the project management. The strategic information helps in harmonizing the stakeholders since all of them have similar information about the situation of the project. The project leader also has the ability to make the stakeholders aware about any change in the project. Consequently, the strategic information helps the project leader to avoid delays associated with the stakeholders being misinformed. Further, the strategic information also increases the productivity of the workers. The establishment of a strategic information ensures that every employee remains informed of every activity included in the project. For instance, a project leader of a company would need to keep the stakeholders aware of the need for their input in reducing the volume of the solid wastes by 50%. This calls for the need of strategic information, which is efficient in equipping the stakeholders with the necessary information. The strategic information helps in restricting the stakeholders to the scope of the project since keeps them

CULTURAL METAPHORS and THE WEEKLY CULTURAL FOCUS SECTIONS (japan) Research Proposal

CULTURAL METAPHORS and THE WEEKLY CULTURAL FOCUS SECTIONS (japan) - Research Proposal Example of the culture is important not only to facilitate proper business transactions but also since total comprehension of a different culture gives room for appreciation of other cultures thereby promoting peaceful coexistence. Therefore, an understanding of the Japanese culture boosts my future career endeavors as an organization’s representative in international forums. Nonetheless, cultural studies require extensive research from different resources ranging from the internet to books among others. The Japanese culture has been covered by relatively many books that are dependable. As such, most of my research will be based on books through the guidance of the librarian on the best reference books. Additionally, I plan to use the internet since it proven to be a great resource especially for information on current issues such as through newspapers and journals. After picking the best at least five references, I will use them to come up with an annotated bibliography which is essential in drawing summaries for the final paper. With this I hope to not only have created an excellent final paper but also to have gained sufficient knowledge regarding the Japanese

The Importance Of Safety In The Workplace Construction Essay

The Importance Of Safety In The Workplace Construction Essay Safety, health and environment are important thing in our workplace. This is the top priority in every workplace. Something must need to be done to encourage employees, employer and industries to put safety, health and environment at the top of their agenda. The most important thing is our commitment in taking the action and our commitment to take suitable changes to ensure that safety, health and environment is forefront of everyones thinking. Thus, the objective of this topic is to know how engineers can contribute in the awareness of safety, health and environment. In addition, an engineer also must always keep abreast with development in order to be a successful engineer in all aspects. II.METHODOLOGY Methodology used in preparing the report (do the work) are do research on the selected titles, collecting the data, interpreting the data, and finding the suitable case of study as the example. III.DISCUSSION This part of report will discuss about the theory, concept and explanation on contributions of engineer in safety, health and environment. The ethics on safety We were also discussing the ways of an engineer can keep abreast with the development of technologies without confining any other discipline . i.Contribution in safety Safety is priority thing in workplace. We need to ensure that safety in workplace because to minimize the risk of accident occur [1]. Every employee has their own role to make sure that nothing happened when doing the task. When something occurs, the companies need to use a lot of money either in new design or pay the money to the victims. There are many ways how to contribute awareness in safety. One of them is engineer need to participate in design state [2]. With this way, engineer will know the problem in their design. Problem in the design will be found during the testing design. With this testing design, engineer can solve or upgrade their design. Other than that, enforcement snag should be carried out continuously. In order to prevent workers from repeating their false, they need to be penalized. If it involves serious case, they need to be charge in court. However, some people state that this is not proper way to encourage them to become a good worker. Serious enforcement and inspection has to be made especially for high rise projects. This is to ensure that all workers ensure that the equipment and structures at workplace would not pose a danger to the workers themselves and the public. Perhaps in the future, the authorities would have the right to penalize workers who defy safety and health guidelines at a wo rkplace. Another suggestion is the ministry could also publish the names of engineers, details of their projects and their track records in meeting safety guidelines. Training and education are also important to educate worker. With training and education not only reduce the accident also reduce the cost and save life. A study by Toole (2002) had found that if workers do not have proper training on safety, they may not be able to recognize potential hazards at a site. The workers also need to sit for a basic skills test written examination on safety. This exam carried out to determine the competency level of new workers on their knowledge and awareness. At Singapore, government of Singapore has introduced a skill test to construction workers in the country. Workers who passed the examination would be awarded with skill evaluation certificate. But Malaysian government still did not use this approach. Maybe in the next future, it can be used to increase the safety in Malaysias industry. The main problem with the safety issues is the attitude of the worker. They need to change their behavior in order to prevent accident occur to them. Some workers did not expose with the environment of workplace. So, they need to enter programs that teach them how to contribute awareness in safety. Last but not least, commitments of management also important in adopting safe work at workplace. Nothing happened if only the workers take part in awareness of safety. Management need to prepare a safety workplace like prepare a fire hole in building and also put a poster about safety in building. ii. Contribution in Health There are many ways to contribute awareness in health. Actually, we can take ways from awareness in safety as contribution awareness in health. One of the ways to contribute awareness in health is a change in designer mindset. Some designers always think their design without thinking others prospects. They just think their design can publish or not. This is bad attitude because they not think about the others. Other than that, motivate the designer also one of important way of contribution of awareness in health. Many designers need incentives beyond the benefits to worker safety and health, in order to wholeheartedly embrace the practice. Other potential sources of motivation and incentive include the design contract, market forces, knowledge of potential cost savings, professional codes of ethics, building codes, standard design practice, and legislative actions such as regulations that clearly recognize a safety role for designers. Designers also need have high knowledge. The lack of safety and health knowledge among designers should be addressed by providing training on safety health-related topics during the designers formal education and continuing professional development. Alternative designs that enhance safety and health must be collected and made available for reference. Also, designers need practical guidelines for addressing safety amid the complex array of design processes and regulations they encounter in their work. Constructor involvement also plays the important role in contribution awareness in health and safety. Constructors and construction workers can help designers recognize potential construction safety hazards and identify a facilitys permanent design features that could be modified to minimize such hazards. iii.Contribution to Environment Nowadays, environmental protection has becomes significant issues. In order to increase the awareness in this problem, Environmental Ethics have been introduced in purpose to develop roots of environmental movement and to understand the responsibility to the environment [1]. Engineers lead in the creation of solutions for the problems caused by current technologies. Thus, engineers play important roles in protecting environment. Environments protection is needed in order to protect the integrity of biosphere, to control dangerous and unnatural substances and lastly to provides a healthy environment for human beings [1]. One of the important contributions of engineer to environmental issue is working to find solutions to the problems caused by the modern technology. The skills and knowledge of an engineer is needed to help to protect the environment and this duty is one of the engineering codes of ethics. The concern about the environment has grown thus when developing a new technology, engineers should ensure designed product does not affect the environment. The product that has been produced must have the least effect to the environment. For examples, many of the products nowadays are recyclable and can be reused thus this can save the source of our nature. To make sure the environment is protected and be taking care with the development of technologies, environmental code of ethics should be practice by all engineers. Professional codes of ethics already told us the safety of people and environment to be of paramount importance. This statement clearly states that engineer do have responsibility to ensure their work done in the most environmentally safe manner [1]. In reality, there might be complexity on these issues such as conflict between employers desires and the employee. When an employer suggest on project that ethically wrong and gave a big impact on environment, an engineer have the right to express his opinion on moral issues regarding environment. In this case, both professional and personal ethics can be used as the guidelines in making a decision. Basically, an engineer needs to make a decision in the area which he competent. Thus, for many environmental issues, engineers should seek for counsel who have better knowledge in environments policy in order to help analyze and to understand the possible consequences of a project done to the environment. Engineers also can corporate with biologists or public health experts when developing a new project in order to ensure the project conducted in the most environmental manner. Sustainable Design is widely been practiced in most development countries in this world. It is also known as Green Engineering in some countries. Sustainable Development is the challenge of meeting human needed in many areas likely in natural resources, industrial products, energy, food, transportation and effective waste management [4]. This concept also conserved and protected environmental quality and the natural resource base essential for future development [4]. This is to ensure that engineer products design does not harm the environment. By using this Green Engineering Principles, an engineer can help to maintain the integrity of the environment and most importantly to make sure that quality of human life can be sustained. iv. Way to keep abreast with the development of technology In this technological era, an engineer must go ahead and keep abreast with the new development. One way to keep abreast with the development of technology is to attend the professional conference or seminar. Usually in the conference all engineer from various field are pleasantly presenting their new research and projects. Globalization is trending in world right now. It is a term that describes the global actions toward economy, politic, technology and society needed which makes national boundaries is less important. Globalization is changing the way of our lives either on a personal basis or social relationship. Engineers should take advantages on globalization as it is a world without boundaries. The effects of globalization includes such as the emergence of worldwide production markets, expanded level of trades and the development of global telecommunications system which allow engineers to work in any places in the world while keep in contact in the other part of the world. The rapidly changing skill requirements and knowledge in the engineering profession are important challenges to engineer. Thus, lifelong learning is a way for individual engineers to keep abreast with the new fundamentals. Merely take notes on the new development and takes training on the latest technology are good ways to keep in the right track of the current developments. It is noticeable that an engineer should make decision only in the area which he is competent. Thus, in developing new project, all engineers in various area should cooperates and work together to ensure the project done have good impacts to society. Cooperation of all engineers can keep them abreast with the current technologies that been produced and make them aware of the new products that will be produced. v. Case Study on Clean Water: The Professional Engineers Contribution to Health In 1848, after a second outbreak of cholera again due to polluted drinking water in Glasgow, Scotland, UK, a water supply system was suggested to overcome the growing health problem[5]. Five years later, John Fredrick Bateman, a civil engineer, concluded his study to find the best potential source for Glasgow, recommending the high-quality water of Loch Katrine. The resulting supply system took three and half years to complete and involved the construction of a dam on the loch, 42km of aqueduct, a similar length of trunk mains, 74km of distribution pipes and the Mugdock storage reservoir at Milngavie. Over 140 years later, changes to European and UK water quality standards, particularly in respect of disinfectant by-products and micro-organisms such as Cryptosporidia, formed the main driver behind the new water treatment plant. In 2003, the main contractor, MJ Gleeson was appointed to manage the design and construction of the new Loch Katrine Water Works. The design of the new treatment works involved over 100 technical staffs from 25 different disciplines. Disciplines involved included are civil engineering, chemical engineering, mechanical engineering, electrical engineering, environmental consultants, cost consultants etc. In addition, due to the Katrine is a famous tourism spot, environmental factors were considered for the construction. In order to minimize the visual and landscape impacts of the project, the plant is partially sunk into ground while open exposed areas have been given a natural stone finish and service reservoir has a green roof [5]. The sludge system was moved into the sewer system on the other side of the site, which prevented developing a separate on-site sludge treatment plant. To summarize, the original works was for transporting water form Loch Katrine to Glasgow with very little in the way of treatment. The fundamental function of the new works is treatment. Both are excellent examples of outstanding professional engineering. IV.CONCLUSION As the conclusion, engineers have the responsibility to concern on health, safety and environment issues for their design and workplace. In order to overcome new threat, they also need to keep updated with new technology such that they can contribute more in improving the life of mankind. V.REFERENCES [1] Charles B. Fleddermann, Engineering Ethics, E Source Prentice Hall 3rd Edition. [2] Engr. Mohd Khairolden Ghani, Grad. IEM, Engr. Dr. Zuhairi Abd. Hamid, MIEM, PEng, Engr. Maria Zura Mohd Zain, Grad.IEM, Engr. Ahmad Hazim Abdul Rahim, Grad. IEM, Engr. Kamarul Anuar Mohamad Kamar, Grad. IEM, Muhammed Asraff Abdul Rahman Construction Research Institute of Malaysia (CREAM) CIDB Malaysia, Safety Malaysian Construction: The Challengenges and Initiatives [3] John Gambatese, Jimmie Hinze, Michael Behm ,Oregon State University, University of Florida, East Carolina University(May 2005), Investigation of the Viability of Designing for Safety [4] National Society of Professional Engineers, United States [5] Katrine Water Treatment Project, Glasgow, United Kingdom. Retrieved Oct 4, 2010, from http://www.watertechnology.net/projects/katrine

Fine Arts Classes Are Necessary Essay examples -- Persuasive Essay

Fine arts classes benefit students and schools alike. Fine arts are needed courses, not just as electives but as core classes that promote learning and creativity in the lives of students. There are three different styles of learning: auditory, visual, and kinesthetic. Fine art provides an avenue for all of these learning styles to be utilized during one class period; therefore, all students are able to understand and benefit from the curriculum. In a normal academic setting all types of learning may not be used, so a percentage of the classroom will not understand the lessons as well as it could have if it had arts incorporated into the class. It may seem impossible to include arts into an academic setting, but it is possible, effective, and fun. According to Barry Oreck, it has been proven that students learning molecular bonding through a dance had a more proficient understanding of the concept. He states, â€Å"We have found that if you learn something through a theater game, you can still answer a test question† (new horizons Dickerson 3). This statement proves that arts are extremely important and beneficial. With fine arts, students have a safe environment to express themselves, a motivation to stay in school, and higher test scores. The fact that fine arts are needed is evident, but will schools respond or live in denial? The arts provide a safe environment for students to express themselves without the worry of ridicule. These kids should have the opportunity to participate in multiple fine arts activities as a way to communicate their feelings in a healthy atmosphere (Weber). Green Lake Elementary School believes its students â€Å"acquire a positive learning attitude for a lifetime, celebrate the uniqueness of... ...rts into schools is not as hard as it seems. Including arts in the class room is a simple as playing music. It is proven that just listening to music or even a simple rhythm will engage both sides of the brain and help it to learn more efficiently (Weber 1). Even though this country is in an economic recession, fine arts are a necessity to the schools. The arts may cost a little extra money, but in the end the benefits of keeping fine arts in the school system will bring about rewards never imagined. The students will have a safe place to express themselves, a motivation to stay in school, and a higher test score. Fine arts are evidently needed; so now, what will people do to make sure that the arts have a permanent place in the schools? Will people realize the difference the arts make and change their ways, or will the voice of fine arts dwindle and die?

Investigating Castle Mall management Essay

The castle mall is a shopping centre located in the centre of Norwich. It is owned by the insurance company Friends Provident. Friends provident employ a whole managerial team who run the centre. This is called Castle Mall Management. This is what I will be investigating in my project. E1 Public and Private Limited Companies (PLC) Castle mall management Ltd is a private limited company (ltd). A private company is a business with limited liability whose shares are not available to the public. A Public limited company (PLC) is a business with limited liability whose shares are not available to the public. PLC’s are required by law to publish their accounts. This means that they are available for scrutiny, not only by the owners (shareholders), potential investors, and bankers, but also, by competitors. The Memorandum of Association must state clearly that the business is a public company and it must be registered as such. The term ‘plc’ must appear after its name. The differences between the two, private and public limited companies are; > A public company can raise capital from the general public, while a private company is prohibited from doing so. > The minimum capital requirement of a public company is à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50,000. There is no minimum for a private company. > Public companies must publish far more detailed accounts than private companies. Advantages 1) The shareholders have limited liability. 2) It is easy to raise capital by issuing more shares. 3) It is much easier to raise finance because the banks are much more willing to lend money to a large, well established, as they see it as much less of a rise. 4) This all makes it easier for the PLC to grow and expand. 5) The shareholders will appoint specialists to manage and runt the company for them. Disadvantages 1) Setting up a public limited company is expensive. There is a lot of administration work involved and at least à ¯Ã‚ ¿Ã‚ ½50 000 has to be raised before a PLC can be set up. 2) The PLC has to issue much more information about itself and this again is very expensive to produce. It has to prepare and annul report as well as Annual Accounts and these have to be printed and sent to all the shareholders. They also available to the general public and competitors to see. 3) The extent to which any one individual, or group, can maintain control of an organisation is severely limited by the sale of its shares on the stock exchange. A family may find their influence on a business diminished when a listing is obtained. In turn, this means that publicly quoted companies are always vulnerable to take over bid. This may affect the decisions taken by directors. For example, they may be more inclined to cut back on staffing during a recession, whereas a private firm would want to hold on to experienced staff for when the economy starts to recover. E6 Communications There has to be communication between each member of staff for the company to function properly. I will now look at how this can be done within the company. Uses of communication > To contact each other > To make deals > To give instructions > To give or receive information > To exchange ideas > To announce plans or strategies > To compare actual results against a plan > To lay down rules and procedures > Job descriptions, organisation charts or manuals Direction of communication Formal Informal Vertical Vertical * Downwards Between peers, friends or -From superior to subordinate. Colleagues. * Upwards Could be given as – From subordinate to superior emotional support. Or to organise a function Horizontal or lateral or party. > People of the same rank, (In the same section Or in different sectors) Diagonal Interdepartmental communication by people of different ranks. Methods of communication A) Face to face communications > Formal meeting > Word of mouth > Interviews > Informal contact B) Oral communication > The telephone > Public address system C) Written communication > Letters, external mail systems > Memorandum, internal mail system > Reports > Forms > Notice board > News letters, bulletins, house journals > Organisation manual, handbook, leaflet D) Visual communication > Charts > Films, PowerPoint Presentation E7/A3 Quality Control * Quality is one of the ingredients in the purchasing decision of consumers, who demand ever-increasing levels of quality * Any firms that ignore the quality aspect of both inputs and outputs risk losing market share to those firms who make it a priority. â€Å"Quality is defined by the Customer† W E Deming (American Quality Guru) Quality Defined * It is difficult to provide a single definition for quality as it means different things to different groups of people. Certainly the perception of the customer is a key element. Here are some of the minimum requirements for customer satisfaction: * Fitness For Purpose The product can do what is it meant to do. This is a useful definition as it can be applied to a wide variety of products, including cheap products such as disposable pens. * Meeting the minimum standards prescribed by acts of parliaments â€Å"Health and Safety†, â€Å"Weights and Measures† and â€Å"Trade Description† Legislation provides a legal framework for minimum standards across a wide range of goods. * Meeting trade association standards Some industries have self regulating bodies that guarantee their members’ work, e.g. the national house building council. In final analysis it is the customers’ perceptions of quality that really matter, firms must strive to convince the market that their product/service is the best value for money. Quality Control Systems In the past, Quality Control in the UK meant ‘inspecting’ the product after production has taken place. In other words it was a faultfinding exercise. Today quality control it is all about ‘building in’ quality at each stage of production. Such a ‘preventative’ approach reduces the high costs of rejects and re-working. The Japanese perfected this is known as: Total Quality Management (TQM) Basic features of TQM are: * The establishment of culture of quality among all employees * The recognition of quality chains where each stage of production is treated as a separate customer to be valued and looked after * The use of Quality Circles * Empowerment of workforce * The emphasis on after-sales service as well as quality manufacture. TQM is not a management tool but a Philosophy. Requiring a complete mind shift on behalf of the entire company (Managers and employees) Quality Initiatives In recent years these have been many initiatives introduced to assist firms to achieve Assurance.Quality Quality Assurance Refers to all of the activities that ensure the satisfactory delivery of goods and services to end customer. Quality Assurance refers to all of the activities that ensure the satisfactory delivery of goods and services to the end customer. Key factors include: * The quality of inputs such as raw materials and components * The quality of the design process so that the products meet customer requirements whilst still being economic to manufacture * To appropriate skill level of the workforce and its commitment to quality assurance * The quality control methods used in the production process * The quality of advice at the purchasing point and after-sales service The Main Initiatives Have Included: TQM A philosophy of quality QUALITY CIRCLES An informal discussion group drawn from all parts and levels of the business that meets regularly to discuss quality problems KAIZEN An approach to advocates continuos improved in small steps rather than a competitive overhaul of the production system. BENCHMARKING Identifying the best practice of the leading firms and using that as a yard stick with which to measure one’s own performance ISO 9000 An international quality certification procedure ZERO DEFECTS A philosophy that encourages all employees to strive for the ultimate goal of a ‘perfect product’ TRAINING Where management has recognised that for quality to be assured a ‘quality culture’ must be implemented at each stage of the process; it is imperative therefore to train all employees to have the requisite skills, both for their direct tasks and for quality monitoring Quality can be achieved in diverse ways but the ultimate goal is to satisfy the customer, which of course is a constantly moving objective. The thing is that Castle Mall Management does not sell anything. This can be a problem when trying to implement quality control. To overcome this they have to vet the stores they have in the centre and make sure that they use quality control. This would help castle mall management reach their objectives especially the main objective to make a profit. As Castle Mall management do not sell anything they cant run certain procedures. This means that the design and production side is out of their hands, but is it? If they want to be really sure of what they are getting into they can agree with the firm or business to have an input into what they are selling. For example, they could check the production side of a chocolate shop making sure that their production line is of a high standard and that they are not breaking any laws. Another thing they could check, although not directly liked with quality is where the product is made. If a product is made in a small 3rd world country with the st aff getting paid for example 50p a day they might disagree with this and not allow the shop to trade in their centre. I believe that one of their objectives should be to help the customer in buying a quality product. The use of quality control to add value. * Adding value – For landlord * Increase foot fall * Increase spending * Operate a profitable environment City * Investment in the city * Precence Population * Provides jobs * Provide social outlets * Sponsorships * Castle Mall is the only underground shopping centre in Western Europe. This makes it a landmark E2/E3/C1 The objectives of Castle Mall Management Objectives: A statement of what an organisation wants to achieve Objectives are a statement of what an organisation wants to achieve through its operation. A firm’s formal objective is given in its memorandum of association, and larger firms may publicly state their general philosophy and values in a list of objectives. For most PLC’s profit is only one goal among others. Objectives provide criteria for decision-making. Most firms harden these general objectives into more dynamic aims, which are intended to drive the organisation forwards in the chosen direction. Mission statements are focused declarations of intent, designed to energise staff at all levels to work in common cause. In practice the overall objectives of a large firm need translating into terms that have meaning for each operation or function. This may mean that one objective is particularly highlighted. 1) The Main objective is to make a profit. They have to make a profit in order to ensure that the investors i.e. Friends Provident get return on their investment. This is the main objective of most businesses; they set out to make money. If they do not then they are considered a failure. 2) To provide a Safe and secure environment for their customers. In order to make a profit people have to come in to the centre. If possible customers feel that the centre is secure and they will be safe then they may visit and return for all their needs. If they consider the centre and car parks not to be safe then they will not visit as they feel that they or their property is not safe. 3) To increase footfall per year. The footfall is the amount of people that visit the centre in a measured time. The more people that come in the more chance of them buying items and the Castle Mall making a profit. Even if a non-customer walks through the centre everyday on the way to work then they may see a shop or an item in a window, which they may come back and buy it when they want it. 4) To increase amounts of visits per person. This is not the same as footfall as footfall is the amount of people who visit the mall, whereas the 4th objective is to increase how many times one person visits in a measured period. Again more visits means potentially more profit. 5) To increase visits from within a large catch-ment area. Trying to gain custom from shops in a large catch-ment area. This means trying to get potential customers from other places of Norfolk up to a 1-hour drive away. 6) For customers to stay longer when they get there. The longer the customer stays the more money they are likely to spend. Also with plenty of food restaurants in the mall if people are there a long time then they may get hungry and buy food. This will help increase profit. The overall objective all the objectives lead to is to Make a profit. E4 The Functional areas of Castle Mall management Ltd The main functional areas of Castle Mall Management Ltd are; * Marketing * Accounts * Administration * Security * Human resources * Food Court * Customer service Each area has its own responsibilities and objectives. Next I will explain each areas responsibility; * Marketing > Public Relations > Advertising -Briefing the creative/media buying agencies -Approving copy and schedules -Ensuring targets and deadlines are met > Web Site > Christmas Decorations > Promotions -Events -Displays -Activities > Research > Sponsorship > Buying – -Maintaining stock levels -Existing literature -Briefing in new requirements -Checking prints quality -Distribution > Health and Safety checks on displays * Accounts The accounts section of Castle Mall Management Ltd looks after the money side of the company. This can involve checking and counting all the money side of the centre. This can range from making sure people have paid their rent and how much they should have paid to counting the money that is put into the car park pay machines. This is a very important side of the company as without them they would not get any money in and staff would not get paid etc. * Administration Admin look after the paperwork side of the company. This can involve writing to perspective clients and customers with information about the centre. Also it can involve internal communication helping the company run. Without the admin department the company could not run, this is because they basically sort everything out. If a letter needs to be sent, a contract needs to be singed or a delivery needs to be taken admin are there, if they cannot sort it out then they can contact a someone who can. * Security The security department is a very important in the Castle Mall. Weather you see them or not they are always there. There are a team of highly trained security staff patrolling the Mall 24/7. This offers a visual presence for the customers, making them feel safe and secure. What the customers don’t see is the main control room where the operation is run from. Here they control over 50 cameras. Some of these are visual to the customer, some a hidden ‘Matchbox’ cameras which can be hidden basically anywhere. The CCTV system is very important in the mall, if a situation is spotted then the security guards can be contacted by radio and told any information they need to sort it. The security staffs also are called into action when there is a fire alarm. When this happens the mall is evacuated and the fire service is called, when they arrive it’s the security guards job to show them to the area where the alarm is. When the all clear is given it is the guardsâ€⠄¢ job to let everybody back into the mall. From shoplifters to lost customers the security guards are helping the mall function properly. * Human Resources The human resources department is in charge of the employment side of the company. This can involve placing adverts in the paper for a new position, looking at the application forms. Deciding on candidates and then interviewing them. They would then have to decide on a new employee with their experience and knowledge. * Food Court The food court has a different sort of agreement with Castle Mall Management, they are directly accountable to Castle Mall Management Ltd as there targets are set by them. If they are struggling to meet this Deadlines Castle Mall Management will intervene and try and sort the problem. As they have this relationship the profits they make are shared with Castle Mall Management. This is a pre-arranged agreement, which was sorted when the mall opened. As the food court is a large part of the mall and is closely linked with Castle Mall Management they have their own manager within Castle Mall Management. It is their job to make sure that the food court are meeting their targets and are running with no problems. * Customer Service The customer service desk and team have a large area to cover. They basically look after the customers of the mall. Here are some of the areas they cover. > Information services for the mall and local area. > Security > Car parking – Disabled parking and access > Disability service – Shopmobility > Information leaflets > Public relations – informing public about evens > Baby changing facilities > Good signage and directions > First aid > Directory leaflets Also the customer service desk is also the first place to make a complaint. It depends on the nature of the complaint as to how it is dealt with. However, all that make a complaint will get a letter of some kind of response from the centre manager. All complaints are dealt with as soon as possible. If necessary clients/customers will be invited backs and helped. One example is when a fire alarm went off and a mother with a toddler with a pushchair had to carry the pushchair down flights of stairs because she had taken the wrong turning. She aired her concerns to CMM Ltd who invited her back to show her that there was an access/ exit especially for disabled/pushchair access. This alleviated her concerns and she is more than likely to return to the shopping centre because her concerns were dealt with efficiently and effectively. Complaints cam be made either through the information desk or by post. Customer fills in form They will then be sent to the management suite where the corresponding manager will deal with it. Investigation carried out And acted upon E5/C2/A1/A2 Organisational structures When you look at the structure of Castle Mall Management it looks, as it is hierarchical (See additional page 1). This is not 100% true, when I asked Erik Kirk the manager of Castle Mall management Ltd he described them as having elements of all structures and cultures. Organisational structures can be described as flat, hierarchical or matrix shaped. Where decision-making is decentralised, the structure tends to be flat. This means that managers and the staff are given wide ranging responsibilities in deciding what to buy, what prices to charge and which staff to employ etc. An organisational structure where decision-making is decentralised it can be described as flat because it does not have many layers. A disadvantage of this type of organisation is that decision-making can be slow. For example any decision that is made this way can take a long time. However, the decision-makers have the advantage of being close to the others day to day activities. In other words there is not along line of communication between the decision-maker and the work to be done. The most extreme version of this is the sole trader who does all the work and carries out all the decisions of the business. Some organisations have in recent years cut out layers in the middle management with the aim of improving communication and decision-making. It can be called de-layering this has had the effect of widening the span of control of the managers who are left. This means that managers can become overwhelmed by the information coming to them and the quality of decision-making suffers. The managers start to loose control over practices and procedures. Narrow Span of control Wide Span of control An alternate way to run the business is to centralise operations. This approach takes decision-making power away from junior staff. This resulting structure is described as hierarchical. Senior staff makes all-important decisions. Below is an organisational chart showing a centralised structure it has several layers of command and is pyramid shaped, i.e. wide at the bottom and narrow at the top. Most large businesses are organised in a hierarchical structure. The senior managers are responsible for taking decisions affecting the whole, or large parts of the businesses whilst shop floor workers mainly carry out decisions made by others. Manager Senior supervisor Senior supervisor Junior Supervisor Junior Supervisor Junior Supervisor Junior Supervisor Shop Floor Workers Shop Floor Workers The Key advantage of a hierarchy is that it allows strong leadership and centralised decision making. It ensures that the organisation has a consistent policy, approach or activity. A problem with hierarchy is that the line of communication between ‘top’ and ‘bottom’ might be quite long. There are layers of people who to receive and pass on information and at each stage the Information can be reinterpreted or misinterpreted. One way of avoiding this problem is to delegate decision-making. This means that people within the organisation are given the authority to make decisions themselves rather tan wait for instructions from the top. Advantages and Disadvantages of centralisation Advantages * Bulk buying reduces costs * Fewer staff are required in the whole operation. * The scope for specialisation increases * Producers such as ordering and purchasing can be standardised * Planning and control tends to be more effective * Decisions are made for the good of the company rather than the branch * Leadership is likely to be stronger and more consistent Disadvantages * Middle managers may be less motivated because they have less responsibility * Local needs are less likely to be met * There is less flexibility * There may be more administration * Communications between different sections might be poor * The burdens of management is more concentrated to the centre More example of Structures Location Allied Breweries Ltd Calsberg/ Allied Breweries Allied Tetley UK Netherlands Breweries Trading World-wide Product Allied Lyons PLC Spirits Retailing Brewing Food + Manufacturing Wholesaling Some organisations have structures that cannot be described as flat or hierarchical. They use tears that cut across traditional departmental boundaries. Sometimes the tears are permanent, in other cases the are brought together for a specific purpose. Project tears are increasingly being used by businesses to develop new products. Such tears have MATRIX STRUCTURES. In that the have members drawn from several departments. One example of a project team is the one ‘Rover’ used to develop the ‘600’ series. From the start of the project, stylists, manufacturing, production engineers, production line operates and suppliers all worked together. All team members had the authority to act without consistent referral to senior management. Stylists Engineers Team Leaders Production line Operates Suppliers How does the organisational structure affect its performance The organisational structure of Castle Mall Management (or as they call it the ‘Family Tree’) has a hierarchical shape. This means that there is one main centre manager. The centre manager Eric Kirk then goes directly to a deputy centre manager. They then lead directly to four other managers of separate divisions. The marketing, food court, security and administration manager all then head a team in that department except the marketing manager who has no team and works closely to the deputy and main manager. The structure shows that the centre manager has direct input to the four division managers. I believe that having a structure of this sort will be successful. This is because everyone has a link with everybody else. If there is a problem then there is always someone there to sort it. Also as the main manager has close links with most of the staff under him so if he makes a request they may not mind carrying it out. I think that the structure helps Castle Mall Management meet and exceed its objectives because they work well as a team. This is because everyone is linked with everyone and there is always someone to help you out if need be. You see how important they find these as they call there structure the â€Å"Family Tree†. This can help with all objectives, especially the objective, to make it a safe and secure place for the customers to shop. If the employees believe they are doing a important job and feel wanted as a part of a team then they may put more effort. This means that they may make the extra little bit of effort to clean a spillage etc. The management culture The management culture of a business is how the people very high on the hierarchy act to the lower down employees and their associates. It depends on how managers act, if they tell people what to do or if they leave it up to them to make their own decisions. A good model to show this is the leadership continuum. Autocratic style Participative style Free-Rain Style Consultative Consensus Democratic Autocratic style An autocratic leader maintains most of the authority by issuing orders and telling what to do without consulting them. To the autocrat, the basis for leadership is formal authority. Autocratic leaders may have a few favourite subordinates but they usually regard close interpersonal relationships with group members as superfluous. The autocratic style of leader is generally in disfavour in modern organisations. Participative style A participate leader is one who shares decision-making authority to the group. Participative leadership occupies enough space on the continuum to warrant dividing it into three subtypes: Consultative, Consensual and democratic. A Consultative leader solicits opinions from the group before making a decision, yet does not feel obliged to accept the groups thinking. A standard way to practice consultative leadership would be call a group a group meeting to discuss an issue before making a decision. A Consensual leader encourages group discussion about an issue and then makes a decision that reflects the general agreement of group members. Consensual leaders thus turn over more authority to the group than consultative leaders do. The consensus leadership style results in long delays in decision making because every party involved provides input. Free-rain style or laissez-faire style A Laissez – Faire or Free Rain leader turns over almost all authority to the group members and does as little leading as possible. Given a situation in which the work to be done by each employee is clearly defined, weather it is sorting coupons or cutting gears with laser beam, such leaders maintain a ‘hands-off’ policy. They make few attempts to increase productivity or to coach their employees. At times the free-rain leader is a abdicator who cares very little for productivity goals or developing subordinates. Erik Kirk of Castle Mall management is certainly not like this as he has very high targets and standards. As with any leadership style, there are some situations in which an autocratic style is appropriate. One example is a high-accident work area where the employees are not particularly knowledgeable about the potential risks. Many autocratic leaders have been successful as high-level leaders in the private and public sectors. One good example of this is taken from â€Å"Management and organisation† by DuBrin, Ireland and Williams. Jack Traimiel, the controversial executive who has occupied key positions at both Commodore and Atari. A co-worker of Tramiels said, â€Å"Commodore was the house that jack built, and when he left the company, so did the spirit, the aggressiveness and the drive. Decision making also went by the wayside† Castle Mall Management are democratic and laissez-faire at times but are autocratic at times of: * New Employees New employees may not know about certain parts of the business so if they make decisions however small they could make curtail mistakes, which could cost money or customers. Also if they are not taught they may never learn a certain technique and carry on using the wrong way forever. * Health and safety Health and safety is very important as it involves the welfare of workers and customers. If they want to meet their objective of proving a safe and secure place for people to shop they will have to be very strict on this subject. This means that precise decisions need to be made which are in lines with all guidelines set by the governments of the world. * Security Is very important, again if they want to meet their objectives they will have to be very strict and precise on security matters. This may involve making decisions based on laws and keeping information form other employees lower down the hierarchy. Erik Kirk and his associates like to have a team of workers who are loyal and work hard. He also likes to make them feel part of something, a team. He has an ‘open door’ attitude when it comes to this. He likes to feel that if there is a problem it can be sorted. No matter how small the problem is he feels that he can help providing answers and privacy. On paper the structure appears hierarchical but it does have elements of a flat structure. Overall the culture is: * Philanthropist in attitude * Good work ethics * Relaxed * Productive * Efficient * Good and open communication channels * Clear objectives * Safe and secure working environment E6 The use of ICT in communications Castle Mall management would be severally impaired without ICT. The main use of ICT is communication. There are many areas of communication featuring ICT, these are: * E-mail Internal External * Web site * Alarm System (2 way communication) * Reports * Telephone (external + between departments) * CCTV + Mini cameras E-mail Castle Mall Management uses E-mail to communicate between department, level and centre. E-mail is a very good way of communication as it is virtually instant. Also you can send designs, graphics and programs as attachment files. This is very helpful as it saves in paper costs and also cannot be lost as with paper. Castle Mall Management uses E-mail to communicate with each other no-matter where they are in the building or country. For example a admin worker could e-mail his supervisor to alert them of a problem or just to book holiday. Another example is Erik Kirk the main centre manager E-mailing another manager of another centre alerting them of a security problem. Web site Castle Mall Management help run the castle-mall.co.uk web site. Some Castle Mall Management staff has been trained to update and redesign the web site. The web site can be used to make customers aware of events and new promotions. It can also give customers information about what shops are in the mall and what services are available. Alarm systems The alarm system in the mall has a communication system built in so if there is an emergency most people in the mall can contact each other through the alarm system to find out what’s happening. It can also pinpoint where a person is so if they are in danger then they can quickly be located and helped. Reports Reports are written by all sections of management so that other people in other positions know what is happening, why and when. They are written about special events to inform people what is happening and how successful something was. Also reports are written once a week, month and a major one written each year. These reports are read by managers and then sent to Friends Provident or FisPam. To let them know how they are getting on. If there is a problem with the reports then friends provident will try and suggest ways to rectify it.